Gouvernance et bilan depuis 1994 de l'approvisionnement énergétique au Nunavik : quelle est la participation des Inuits?

• Main Author: Harbour-Marsan, Ève
• Other Authors: Lasserre, Frédéric
• Format: Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: Université Laval 2018
• Subjects: droit; scipo; Arctic; Nunavik; Canada; Baleine; Arctique*; First Nations; inuit; inuits; James Bay
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31886

Renewable energy, diesel power generation, Energy transition, Nunavik, Arctic, Canada, North of Quebec, Inuit, Aboriginals, First Nations, comanagement, governance, aboriginal participation, remote area, regional development, power relations The territory of Nunavik, mainly inhabited by the Inuit, is almost exclusively supplied by fossils energies. Ever since the hydroelectric development at James Bay and the suspension of the Grande- Baleine hydroelectric project, the energy sociopolitical environment in Nunavik had not been analyzed despite the socio-political upheaval that these projects had caused for Indigenous groups. The lack of interest in this issue is surprising considering the intensity of mining activity that is anticipated in the Plan Nord vision, and the repeated government and Hydro-Québec commitments to convert thermal power stations and to carry out projects in partnership with Aboriginal people. Carried out through a geopolitical analysis, the objective of this research was to answer the following questions. What are the energy projects developed, promoted and considered since 1994 for Nunavik? How the government and Hydro-Québec commitments and orientations, in regard to energy, have been implemented in Nunavik? Are the representations and concerns of certain actors more taken into account in the projects? How are the Inuit involved in decisions? Data are from from semi-structured interviews, institutional documents, the legal framework, improved by an internship within the Quebec Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. The results show that the energy strategy is focused on smaller renewable energies, but large hydropower projects are not neglected. Structures allow Inuit to be represented in decisions without giving them real control. Our analysis reveals that the expertise, the legal framework and rivalries, within Inuit society, undermine the greater participation and autonomy of Inuit in projects. Énergie renouvelable, centrale diesel, transition énergétique, Nunavik, Arctique, ...