| Summary: | The aim of this study is to compare the impact of climatic fluctuations and anthropogenic activities on the evolution of vegetation cover in anthropic northern environments. Paleoecological studies based on a multi-proxy approach were undertaken on samples taken from archeological sites located in northeastern Iceland and northern Labrador. The fundamental bio-indicators included pollen, macrofossils (plants and insects), diatoms and tree-rings growth. Labrador has been occupied by aboriginal groups for 7000 years BP. Their subsistence economy was based on hunting, fishing and gathering berry picking. In Iceland, the first wave of Norse settlers arrived at the end of the 9th Century. They brought with them a continental European way of life based on a subsistence system combining pasture and fisheries. The paleoenvironmental data in Iceland and Labrador show a similar vegetation evolution that was mainly influenced by prevailing climate conditions. For example, the deterioration of environmental conditions during the Neoglacial led to a decline in forest cover in favor of shrubs and peatland species. In both of the study regions, the main effects of anthropogenic activity were the introduction and dispersal of new weed species and waste disposal related to their daily activities. However, in Labrador, the arrival of the Moravians at around 1771 seems to have led the opening of the forest cover along the coast. By combining palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data, we have shown that the Inuit and Moravians in Labrador and the Norse in Iceland faced similar climatic fluctuations over the last millennium. In Iceland, the Norse settlers implemented major land management strategies to develop pasture land, which is the primary reason they continued to occupy Svalbard since AD 940 and during the Little Ice Age. In Labrador, there were subtle changes in the landscape at the end of the 18th Century that coincided with the arrival of the Moravian missionaries. In particular, the recurrent need for wood caused an ...
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