Impact de l'acidification océanique sur le phytoplancton et la production de diméthylsulfure en Arctique sous l'influence de deux régimes lumineux

• Main Author: Hussherr, Rachel
• Other Authors: Levasseur, Maurice, Tremblay, Jean-Éric
• Format: Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: Université Laval 2016
• Subjects: envir; geo; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Baffin Bay; Baie de Baffin; Arctique*; Baffin; Ocean acidification; Océan Arctique; Phytoplankton
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27341

In an experimental assessment of the potential impact of Ocean acidification on seasonal phytoplankton blooms and associated dimethylsulfide (DMS) dynamics in the Arctic, we incubated water from Baffin Bay under conditions representing an acidified Arctic Ocean. Using two light regimes simulating under-ice/subsurface chlorophyll maxima (low light; Low PAR + UVA, and no UVB) and surface ice-free (high light; High PAR + UVA + UVB) conditions, water collected at 38 m was exposed over 9 days to 6 levels of decreasing pH from 8.1 to 7.2. A phytoplankton bloom dominated by the centric diatoms Chaetoceros spp. reaching up to 7.5 µg chlorophyll a L-1 took place in all experimental bags. Total dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPT) and DMS concentrations reached 155 nmol L-1 and 19 nmol L-1, respectively. Under both light regimes, chlorophyll a and DMS concentrations decreased linearly with increasing proton concentration at all pH tested. Concentrations of DMSPT also decreased but only under high light and over a smaller pH range (from 8.1 to 7.6). In contrast to nanophytoplankton (2-20 µm), picophytoplankton (≤ 2 µm) was stimulated by the decreasing pH. We furthermore observed no significant difference between the two light regimes tested in term of chlorophyll a, phytoplankton abundance/taxonomy, and DMSP/ DMS net concentrations. These results show that OA could significantly decrease the algal biomass and inhibit DMS production during the seasonal phytoplankton bloom in the Arctic, with possible consequences for the regional climate. Lors d 'une évaluation expérimentale de l 'impact potentiel de l 'acidification océanique sur l 'efflorescence phytoplanctonique saisonnière et la dynamique associée du diméthylsulfure (DMS) en Arctique, nous avons incubé de l 'eau prélevée en Baie de Baffin sous des conditions représentatives d 'un océan arctique acidifié. Employant deux régimes lumineux simulant respectivement des conditions de lumière sous la glace/dans un maximum chlorophyllien en profondeur (basse lumière; faible PAR ...