Recul de la lande à lichens de l'île Nue : déterminants et impacts sur la communauté végétale

• Main Author: Massé, Valérie
• Other Authors: Boudreau, Stéphane
• Format: Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: Université Laval 2016
• Subjects: envir; socio; Canada; Empetrum nigrum; permafrost
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27299

Because they are unable to compete for light and soil nutrients, lichens are sensitive to disturbance and to the development of a vascular plant cover. As such, the objective of this study was to better understand changes in the dynamics of lichen barrens found on île Nue in the Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve of Canada, where recent increase in vascular plant cover was observed. Specifically, we aimed to evaluate the role of recent climate warming and herring gull disturbance on the lichen barrens’ recession on this island. Aerial photo analysis showed that the area occupied by lichen barrens declined by 85.5 % from 1967 to 2009, and that it was associated with an advance of vascular plants. The vascular plant species involved in this phenomenon were mainly shrubs (~63 %, Rhododendron groenlandicum and Empetrum nigrum) and herbaceous species (~35 %, Rubus idaeus and Chamerion angustifolium). This decline of the lichen barrens does not seem to be associated with recent climate change as it occurred mainly between 1967 and 1988, a period during which temperatures were relatively stable. Furthermore, the low lichen cover measured around sites disturbed by herring gulls indicates that the disturbances probably occurred after the lichen was replaced by vascular plants, which suggests that these disturbances were not responsible for the observed decline. However, herring gull disturbances seem to favour the development of an herbaceous cover. Besides the loss of lichen species, no negative effects of a vascular plant cover development was observed on the diversity, species richness nor abundance of functional groups. Our results do not allow us to identify the cause of the lichen narrends retreat. A change in soil condition caused by oraganic mater accumulation after the island emergence and permafrost degradation could be implicated, but still need to be investigate. Les peuplements lichéniques sont très sensibles aux perturbations et au développement d’un couvert végétal vasculaire, étant incapables de ...