| Summary: | One of the major changes observed in northern terrestrial regions in response to climate change is arguably the recent shrub expansion. This thesis aims to study the recent dynamic of the shrub expansion at the forest tundra ecotone, northern Québec, in order to find its causes and evaluate its consequences on plant community. First, I compared two sets of aerial photographs (taken in 1957 and 2008) and found an increase in shrub cover that was mainly attributed to Betula glandulosa, a largely distributed erect shrub species. This increase was higher on terraces than on hilltops and strongly heterogeneous at the regional scale. Second, I found that the heterogeneity of the shrub expansion depended on both historical and topographic variables. Moreover, I showed that an increase in B. glandulosa cover had a negative influence on the abundance of other shrub species, but not on their diversity (species richness and Shannon diversity index). Finally, I found that B. glandulosa radial and axial growth were strongly associated with summer temperature when growing on well-drained sites, whereas they were mainly associated with winter precipitation when growing in snowbeds (well-watered sites where snow cover persist in the growing season). Dendrochronological analyses showed a sharp B. glandulosa growth increase between 1990 and 2002, therefore suggesting that the shrub expansion observed in the study region is quite recent. Overall, this thesis significantly improved our knowledge of the recent dynamic of the forest tundra ecotone in northern Québec. It also contributed to underline the importance of studying shrub expansion at the local scale and to improve our knowledge of B. glandulosa. Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2015-2016 Au cœur des changements environnementaux enregistrés dans les régions arctiques et subarctiques, la densification de la strate arbustive est probablement l’un des plus importants. Cette thèse propose d’en étudier la dynamique récente à l’écotone ...
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