Mechanisms for European summer temperature response to solar forcing over the last millennium
A simulation of the last millennium is compared to a recent spatio-temporal reconstruction of summer temperature over Europe. The focus is on the response to solar forcing over the pre-industrial era. Although the correlation between solar forcing and the reconstruction remains small, the spatial re...
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Language: | English |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1487-2012 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/8/1487/2012/ |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:X0zyftd7ndEFCt0tQz174 2023-05-15T18:18:39+02:00 Mechanisms for European summer temperature response to solar forcing over the last millennium Swingedouw, D. Terray, L. Servonnat, J. Guiot, J. 2018-09-27 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1487-2012 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/8/1487/2012/ en eng Copernicus Publications doi:10.5194/cp-8-1487-2012 10670/1.sh23vy 1814-9324 1814-9332 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/8/1487/2012/ undefined Geographica Helvetica - geography eISSN: 1814-9332 envir geo Text https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_18cf/ Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2018 fttriple https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1487-2012 2023-01-22T17:52:05Z A simulation of the last millennium is compared to a recent spatio-temporal reconstruction of summer temperature over Europe. The focus is on the response to solar forcing over the pre-industrial era. Although the correlation between solar forcing and the reconstruction remains small, the spatial regression over solar forcing shows statistically significant regions. The meridional pattern of this regression is found to be similar in the model and in the reconstruction. This pattern exhibits a large warming over Northern and Mediterranean Europe and a lesser amplitude response over Central and Eastern Europe. The mechanisms explaining this pattern in the simulation are mainly related to evapotranspiration fluxes. It is shown that the evapotranspiration is larger in summer over Central and Eastern Europe when solar forcing increases, while it decreases over the Mediterranean area. The explanation for the evapotranspiration increase over Central and Eastern Europe is found in the increase of winter precipitation there, leading to a soil moisture increase in spring. As a consequence, the evapotranspiration is larger in summer, which leads to an increase in cloud cover over this region, reducing the surface shortwave flux there and leading to less warming. Over the Mediterranean area, the surface shortwave flux increases with solar forcing, the soil becomes dryer and the evapotranspiration is reduced in summer leading to a larger increase in temperature. This effect appears to be overestimated in the model as compared to the reconstruction. Finally, the warming of Northern Europe is related to the albedo feedback due to sea-ice cover retreat with increasing solar forcing. Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Unknown Climate of the Past 8 5 1487 1495 |
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envir geo Swingedouw, D. Terray, L. Servonnat, J. Guiot, J. Mechanisms for European summer temperature response to solar forcing over the last millennium |
topic_facet |
envir geo |
description |
A simulation of the last millennium is compared to a recent spatio-temporal reconstruction of summer temperature over Europe. The focus is on the response to solar forcing over the pre-industrial era. Although the correlation between solar forcing and the reconstruction remains small, the spatial regression over solar forcing shows statistically significant regions. The meridional pattern of this regression is found to be similar in the model and in the reconstruction. This pattern exhibits a large warming over Northern and Mediterranean Europe and a lesser amplitude response over Central and Eastern Europe. The mechanisms explaining this pattern in the simulation are mainly related to evapotranspiration fluxes. It is shown that the evapotranspiration is larger in summer over Central and Eastern Europe when solar forcing increases, while it decreases over the Mediterranean area. The explanation for the evapotranspiration increase over Central and Eastern Europe is found in the increase of winter precipitation there, leading to a soil moisture increase in spring. As a consequence, the evapotranspiration is larger in summer, which leads to an increase in cloud cover over this region, reducing the surface shortwave flux there and leading to less warming. Over the Mediterranean area, the surface shortwave flux increases with solar forcing, the soil becomes dryer and the evapotranspiration is reduced in summer leading to a larger increase in temperature. This effect appears to be overestimated in the model as compared to the reconstruction. Finally, the warming of Northern Europe is related to the albedo feedback due to sea-ice cover retreat with increasing solar forcing. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Swingedouw, D. Terray, L. Servonnat, J. Guiot, J. |
author_facet |
Swingedouw, D. Terray, L. Servonnat, J. Guiot, J. |
author_sort |
Swingedouw, D. |
title |
Mechanisms for European summer temperature response to solar forcing over the last millennium |
title_short |
Mechanisms for European summer temperature response to solar forcing over the last millennium |
title_full |
Mechanisms for European summer temperature response to solar forcing over the last millennium |
title_fullStr |
Mechanisms for European summer temperature response to solar forcing over the last millennium |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mechanisms for European summer temperature response to solar forcing over the last millennium |
title_sort |
mechanisms for european summer temperature response to solar forcing over the last millennium |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1487-2012 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/8/1487/2012/ |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Geographica Helvetica - geography eISSN: 1814-9332 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/cp-8-1487-2012 10670/1.sh23vy 1814-9324 1814-9332 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/8/1487/2012/ |
op_rights |
undefined |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1487-2012 |
container_title |
Climate of the Past |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
1487 |
op_container_end_page |
1495 |
_version_ |
1766195286246424576 |