Le pluralisme juridique en contexte atikamekw nehirowisiw dans le secteur pénal et la protection de la jeunesse

• Published in: Revue générale de droit
• Main Authors: Mylène Jaccoud, Anne Fournier, Christian Coocoo, Marie-Claude Barbeau-Leduc, Marie-Eve Sylvestre, Marie-Andrée Denis-Boileau
• Format: Book
• Language: French
• Published: Éditions Wilson & Lafleur, inc. 2019
• Subjects: Sciences Humaines et Sociales; Social Sciences and Humanities; Traditions juridiques autochtones; pluralisme juridique; justice pénale; protection de la jeunesse; Québec; Atikamekw Nehirowisiwok; Indigenous legal traditions; legal pluralism; criminal justice; youth protection; droit; scipo; atikamekw
• Online Access: http://ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/39375/1/2018-48-1%20RGD%20Jaccoud%2091-121%20.pdf; http://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/rgd/2018-v48-n1-rgd03840/1049315ar.pdf; https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/rgd/2018-v48-n1-rgd03840/1049315ar.pdf; https://ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/39375/1/2018-48-1%20RGD%20Jaccoud%2091-121%20.pdf; https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1049315ar; https://doi.org/10.7202/1049315ar; https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1gbrxd4.5; https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/rgd/2018-v48-n1-rgd03840/1049315ar/; https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6594212; http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1049315ar; https://ruor.uottawa.ca/handle/10393/39375; https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2884087828

In this paper, we present an intelligibility grid to understand the interactions between Indigenous law and state law to deal with conflicts related to family violence and youth protection in three Atikamekw Nehirowisiw communities in Quebec. These interactions are structured around one dominant model (“imposition”) which poses that Atikamekw law is subordinated to state law. Within that model, we observe two other models of interactions characterized by “accommodations” and “autonomization”. The accommodation model consists in adapting, modifying or integrating one system’s legal principles and practices in order to take into account the specificities of the other legal system. While such accommodations are by definition bidirectional, meaning that both the Atikamekw and the state systems can incorporate principles from the other system, we find that, in practice, there are more instances where the Atikamekw legal system incorporates state legal principles than the other way around. The autonomization model remains marginal, in particular in the criminal law context. We identify two types of autonomization: one that is “delegated” by the State, while the other is “vindicated” by the Atikamekw nation. In the first type, the State delegates some of its duties or responsibilities within state law to the Atikamekw allowing them to exercise greater autonomy. By contrast, “vindicated autonomy” is achieved by the Atikamekw as they claim and assert their right to enforce their legal traditions and principles. The Atikamekw have succeeded in advancing this type of autonomy in the field of youth protection. À partir de l’étude de cas de trois communautés atikamekw nehirowisiwok au Québec, nous présentons dans cet article un schéma d’intelligibilité des interactions entre droit autochtone et droit étatique dans le champ des conflictualités des violences familiales et dans celui de la protection de la jeunesse. Ces interactions sont structurées par un modèle fondamental, l’imposition de l’ordre juridique étatique, qui ...