| Summary: | Numerous empirical studies have reported lack of migration–drift equilibrium in wild populations. Determining the causes of nonequilibrium population structure is challenging because different evolutionary processes acting at a variety of spatiotemporal scales can produce similar patterns. Studies of contemporary populations in northern latitudes suggest that nonequilibrium population structure is probably caused by recent colonization of the region after the last Pleistocene ice age ended ~13 000 years ago. The chum salmon's (Oncorhynchus keta) range was fragmented by dramatic environmental changes during the Pleistocene. We investigated the population structure of chum salmon on the North Alaska Peninsula (NAP) and, using both empirical data and simulations, evaluated the effects of colonization timing and founder population heterogeneity on patterns of genetic differentiation. We screened 161 single nucleotide polymorphisms and found evidence of nonequilibrium population structure when the slope of the isolation-by-distance relationship was examined at incremental spatial scales. In addition, simulations suggested that this pattern closely matched models of recent colonization of the NAP by secondary contact. Our results agree with geological and archaeological data indicating that the NAP was a dynamic landscape that may have been more recently colonized than during the last deglaciation because of dramatic changes in coastal hydrology over the last several thousand years. SNP genotype data for chum salmon from the North Alaska PeninsulaMultilocus genotype data for 161 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) assayed in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus oketa) from the North Alaska Peninsula. The data are provided in a GenAlEx two column format (Peakall and Smouse 2012) which can be easily converted to other file formats or manipulated. SNP genotypes are identified by base calls with missing data coded as “0”. Keys to population and locus codes are given on separate worksheets. Peakall, R. and Smouse P.E. (2012) ...
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