Moose movement rates are altered by wolf presence in two ecosystems
Predators directly impact prey populations through lethal encounters, but understanding nonlethal, indirect effects is also critical because foraging animals often face trade-offs between predator avoidance and energy intake. Quantifying these indirect effects can be difficult even when it is possib...
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Open Polar |
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envir geo |
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envir geo Steve K. Windels Mark A. Ditmer John R Fieberg Tara R. Harris Seth P. Stapleton Ron Moen Moose movement rates are altered by wolf presence in two ecosystems |
topic_facet |
envir geo |
description |
Predators directly impact prey populations through lethal encounters, but understanding nonlethal, indirect effects is also critical because foraging animals often face trade-offs between predator avoidance and energy intake. Quantifying these indirect effects can be difficult even when it is possible to monitor individuals that regularly interact. Our goal was to understand how movement and resource selection of a predator (wolves; Canis lupus) influence the movement behavior of a prey species (moose; Alces alces). We tested whether moose avoided areas with high predicted wolf resource use in two study areas with differing prey compositions, whether avoidance patterns varied seasonally, and whether daily activity budgets of moose and wolves aligned temporally. We deployed GPS collars on both species at two sites in northern Minnesota. We created seasonal resource selection functions (RSF) for wolves and modeled the relationship between moose first-passage time (FPT), a method that discerns alterations in movement rates, and wolf RSF values. Larger FPT values suggest rest/foraging, whereas shorter FPT values indicate travel/fleeing. We found that the movements of moose and wolves peaked at similar times of day in both study areas. Moose FPTs were 45% lower in areas most selected for by wolves relative to those avoided. The relationship between wolf RSF and moose FPT was nonlinear and varied seasonally. Differences in FPT between low and high RSF values were greatest in winter (-82.1%) and spring (-57.6%) in northeastern Minnesota and similar for all seasons in the Voyageurs National Park ecosystem. In northeastern Minnesota, where moose comprise a larger percentage of wolf diet, the relationship between moose FPT and wolf RSF was more pronounced (ave. across seasons: -60.1%) than the Voyageurs National Park ecosystem (-30.4%). These findings highlight the role wolves can play in determining moose behavior, whereby moose spend less time in areas with higher predicted likelihood of wolf resource selection. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Steve K. Windels Mark A. Ditmer John R Fieberg Tara R. Harris Seth P. Stapleton Ron Moen |
author_facet |
Steve K. Windels Mark A. Ditmer John R Fieberg Tara R. Harris Seth P. Stapleton Ron Moen |
author_sort |
Steve K. Windels |
title |
Moose movement rates are altered by wolf presence in two ecosystems |
title_short |
Moose movement rates are altered by wolf presence in two ecosystems |
title_full |
Moose movement rates are altered by wolf presence in two ecosystems |
title_fullStr |
Moose movement rates are altered by wolf presence in two ecosystems |
title_full_unstemmed |
Moose movement rates are altered by wolf presence in two ecosystems |
title_sort |
moose movement rates are altered by wolf presence in two ecosystems |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.4402 http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/chorus/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.4402 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ece3.4402/fullpdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30271563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30271563 https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/moose-movement-rates-are-altered-by-wolf-presence-in-two-ecosyste https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2888709998 |
genre |
Alces alces Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Alces alces Canis lupus |
op_source |
10.1002/ece3.4402 2888709998 30271563 10|openaire____::9e3be59865b2c1c335d32dae2fe7b254 10|openaire____::55045bd2a65019fd8e6741a755395c8c 10|openaire____::081b82f96300b6a6e3d282bad31cb6e2 10|doajarticles::13ae4a9d2a75f5bb322f19d8ef599c7c 10|openaire____::8ac8380272269217cb09a928c8caa993 10|openaire____::5f532a3fc4f1ea403f37070f59a7a53a openaire____::1256f046-bf1f-4afc-8b47-d0b147148b18 10|openaire____::806360c771262b4d6770e7cdf04b5c5a 10|opendoar____::8b6dd7db9af49e67306feb59a8bdc52c |
op_relation |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.4402 http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/chorus/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.4402 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ece3.4402/fullpdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30271563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30271563 https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/moose-movement-rates-are-altered-by-wolf-presence-in-two-ecosyste https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2888709998 |
op_rights |
lic_creative-commons |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4402 |
container_title |
Ecology and Evolution |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
17 |
container_start_page |
9017 |
op_container_end_page |
9033 |
_version_ |
1766260025252118528 |
spelling |
fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:50|dedup_wf_001::8052bd871b93635b0b07cd29aa665ecb 2023-05-15T13:13:43+02:00 Moose movement rates are altered by wolf presence in two ecosystems Steve K. Windels Mark A. Ditmer John R Fieberg Tara R. Harris Seth P. Stapleton Ron Moen 2018-09-01 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.4402 http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/chorus/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.4402 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ece3.4402/fullpdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30271563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30271563 https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/moose-movement-rates-are-altered-by-wolf-presence-in-two-ecosyste https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2888709998 undefined unknown Wiley http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.4402 http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/chorus/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fece3.4402 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ece3.4402/fullpdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.4402 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30271563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30271563 https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/moose-movement-rates-are-altered-by-wolf-presence-in-two-ecosyste https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2888709998 lic_creative-commons 10.1002/ece3.4402 2888709998 30271563 10|openaire____::9e3be59865b2c1c335d32dae2fe7b254 10|openaire____::55045bd2a65019fd8e6741a755395c8c 10|openaire____::081b82f96300b6a6e3d282bad31cb6e2 10|doajarticles::13ae4a9d2a75f5bb322f19d8ef599c7c 10|openaire____::8ac8380272269217cb09a928c8caa993 10|openaire____::5f532a3fc4f1ea403f37070f59a7a53a openaire____::1256f046-bf1f-4afc-8b47-d0b147148b18 10|openaire____::806360c771262b4d6770e7cdf04b5c5a 10|opendoar____::8b6dd7db9af49e67306feb59a8bdc52c envir geo Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2018 fttriple https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4402 2023-01-22T17:21:55Z Predators directly impact prey populations through lethal encounters, but understanding nonlethal, indirect effects is also critical because foraging animals often face trade-offs between predator avoidance and energy intake. Quantifying these indirect effects can be difficult even when it is possible to monitor individuals that regularly interact. Our goal was to understand how movement and resource selection of a predator (wolves; Canis lupus) influence the movement behavior of a prey species (moose; Alces alces). We tested whether moose avoided areas with high predicted wolf resource use in two study areas with differing prey compositions, whether avoidance patterns varied seasonally, and whether daily activity budgets of moose and wolves aligned temporally. We deployed GPS collars on both species at two sites in northern Minnesota. We created seasonal resource selection functions (RSF) for wolves and modeled the relationship between moose first-passage time (FPT), a method that discerns alterations in movement rates, and wolf RSF values. Larger FPT values suggest rest/foraging, whereas shorter FPT values indicate travel/fleeing. We found that the movements of moose and wolves peaked at similar times of day in both study areas. Moose FPTs were 45% lower in areas most selected for by wolves relative to those avoided. The relationship between wolf RSF and moose FPT was nonlinear and varied seasonally. Differences in FPT between low and high RSF values were greatest in winter (-82.1%) and spring (-57.6%) in northeastern Minnesota and similar for all seasons in the Voyageurs National Park ecosystem. In northeastern Minnesota, where moose comprise a larger percentage of wolf diet, the relationship between moose FPT and wolf RSF was more pronounced (ave. across seasons: -60.1%) than the Voyageurs National Park ecosystem (-30.4%). These findings highlight the role wolves can play in determining moose behavior, whereby moose spend less time in areas with higher predicted likelihood of wolf resource selection. Article in Journal/Newspaper Alces alces Canis lupus Unknown Ecology and Evolution 8 17 9017 9033 |