High-Arctic butterflies become smaller with rising temperatures.

• Published in: Biology Letters
• Main Authors: Carolyn M. Kurle, Rikke Reisner Hansen, Toke T. Høye, Joseph J. Bowden, Anne Eskildsen, Kent Olsen
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: eScholarship, University of California 2015
• Subjects: Animals; Butterflies; Body Size; Temperature; Seasons; Greenland; Arctic Regions; Female; Male; Climate Change; Wings; Animal; Lepidoptera; insect; terrestrial arthropod; Evolutionary Biology; Biological Sciences; Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous); General Agricultural and Biological Sciences; Global Change Biology; envir; psy; Arctic; Climate change; Zackenberg
• Online Access: http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/roybiolett/11/10/20150574.full.pdf; https://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/11/10/20150574.full.pdf; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8mq3z4zt; https://pure.au.dk/portal/da/publications/higharctic-butterflies-become-smaller-with-rising-temperatures(59b1f2a5-ba9f-48c5-94fa-fde7c2607919).html; https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0574; https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0574; https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0574; https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0574; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26445981; https://core.ac.uk/display/76510121; http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/26445981; https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbl.2015.0574; https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2292240279; http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8mq3z4zt; https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4650173/

The response of body size to increasing temperature constitutes a universal response to climate change that could strongly affect terrestrial ectotherms, but the magnitude and direction of such responses remain unknown in most species. The metabolic cost of increased temperature could reduce body size but long growing seasons could also increase body size as was recently shown in an Arctic spider species. Here, we present the longest known time series on body size variation in two High-Arctic butterfly species: Boloria chariclea and Colias hecla . We measured wing length of nearly 4500 individuals collected annually between 1996 and 2013 from Zackenberg, Greenland and found that wing length significantly decreased at a similar rate in both species in response to warmer summers. Body size is strongly related to dispersal capacity and fecundity and our results suggest that these Arctic species could face severe challenges in response to ongoing rapid climate change.