Data from: Estimating the number of pulses in a mass extinction
Most previous work on the Signor-Lipps effect has focused on testing whether taxa in a mass extinction went extinct simultaneously or gradually. However, many authors have proposed scenarios in which taxa go extinct in distinct pulses. Little methodology has been developed for quantifying characteri...
Main Authors: | , |
---|---|
Format: | Dataset |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
2016
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cj38k |
id |
fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:50|dedup_wf_001::0da89bc643b92b39a388ea38092bb6e7 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:50|dedup_wf_001::0da89bc643b92b39a388ea38092bb6e7 2023-05-15T13:35:54+02:00 Data from: Estimating the number of pulses in a mass extinction Wang, Steve Zhong, Ling 2016-01-01 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cj38k undefined unknown http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cj38k https://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cj38k lic_creative-commons oai:services.nod.dans.knaw.nl:Products/dans:oai:easy.dans.knaw.nl:easy-dataset:94790 oai:easy.dans.knaw.nl:easy-dataset:94790 10.5061/dryad.cj38k 10|eurocrisdris::fe4903425d9040f680d8610d9079ea14 10|re3data_____::84e123776089ce3c7a33db98d9cd15a8 10|openaire____::9e3be59865b2c1c335d32dae2fe7b254 10|re3data_____::94816e6421eeb072e7742ce6a9decc5f re3data_____::r3d100000044 Life sciences medicine and health care Signor-Lipps effect Ammonites Maastrichtian mass extinction pulsed extinction Antarctica Cretaceous archeo geo Dataset https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_ddb1/ 2016 fttriple https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cj38k https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.CJ38K 2023-01-22T17:42:06Z Most previous work on the Signor-Lipps effect has focused on testing whether taxa in a mass extinction went extinct simultaneously or gradually. However, many authors have proposed scenarios in which taxa go extinct in distinct pulses. Little methodology has been developed for quantifying characteristics of such pulsed extinction events. Here we introduce a method for estimating the number of pulses in a mass extinction, based on the positions of fossil occurrences in a stratigraphic section. Rather than using a hypothesis test and assuming simultaneous extinction as the default, we reframe the question by asking what number of pulses best explains the observed fossil record. Using a two-step algorithm, we are able to estimate not just the number of extinction pulses, but also a confidence level or posterior probability for each possible number of pulses. In the first step, we find the maximum likelihood estimate for each possible number of pulses. In the second step, we calculate the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) weights for each possible number of pulses, and then apply a k-Nearest Neighbor classifier to these weights. This gives us a vector of confidence levels for the number of extinction pulses — for instance, we might be 80% confident that there was a single extinction pulse, 15% confident that there were two pulses, and 5% confidence that there were three pulses. Equivalently, we can state that we are 95% confidence that the number of extinction pulses is 1 or 2. Using simulation studies, we show that the method performs well in a variety of situations, although it has difficulty in the case of decreasing fossil recovery potential, and it is most effective for small numbers of pulses unless the sample size is large. We demonstrate the method using a dataset of Late Cretaceous ammonites. R codeR code for estimating the number of pulses in a mass extinctioncode.Rsample datasetSeymour Island ammonite dataset from Macellari 1986dataset.txt Dataset Antarc* Antarctica Unknown |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Unknown |
op_collection_id |
fttriple |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Life sciences medicine and health care Signor-Lipps effect Ammonites Maastrichtian mass extinction pulsed extinction Antarctica Cretaceous archeo geo |
spellingShingle |
Life sciences medicine and health care Signor-Lipps effect Ammonites Maastrichtian mass extinction pulsed extinction Antarctica Cretaceous archeo geo Wang, Steve Zhong, Ling Data from: Estimating the number of pulses in a mass extinction |
topic_facet |
Life sciences medicine and health care Signor-Lipps effect Ammonites Maastrichtian mass extinction pulsed extinction Antarctica Cretaceous archeo geo |
description |
Most previous work on the Signor-Lipps effect has focused on testing whether taxa in a mass extinction went extinct simultaneously or gradually. However, many authors have proposed scenarios in which taxa go extinct in distinct pulses. Little methodology has been developed for quantifying characteristics of such pulsed extinction events. Here we introduce a method for estimating the number of pulses in a mass extinction, based on the positions of fossil occurrences in a stratigraphic section. Rather than using a hypothesis test and assuming simultaneous extinction as the default, we reframe the question by asking what number of pulses best explains the observed fossil record. Using a two-step algorithm, we are able to estimate not just the number of extinction pulses, but also a confidence level or posterior probability for each possible number of pulses. In the first step, we find the maximum likelihood estimate for each possible number of pulses. In the second step, we calculate the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) weights for each possible number of pulses, and then apply a k-Nearest Neighbor classifier to these weights. This gives us a vector of confidence levels for the number of extinction pulses — for instance, we might be 80% confident that there was a single extinction pulse, 15% confident that there were two pulses, and 5% confidence that there were three pulses. Equivalently, we can state that we are 95% confidence that the number of extinction pulses is 1 or 2. Using simulation studies, we show that the method performs well in a variety of situations, although it has difficulty in the case of decreasing fossil recovery potential, and it is most effective for small numbers of pulses unless the sample size is large. We demonstrate the method using a dataset of Late Cretaceous ammonites. R codeR code for estimating the number of pulses in a mass extinctioncode.Rsample datasetSeymour Island ammonite dataset from Macellari 1986dataset.txt |
format |
Dataset |
author |
Wang, Steve Zhong, Ling |
author_facet |
Wang, Steve Zhong, Ling |
author_sort |
Wang, Steve |
title |
Data from: Estimating the number of pulses in a mass extinction |
title_short |
Data from: Estimating the number of pulses in a mass extinction |
title_full |
Data from: Estimating the number of pulses in a mass extinction |
title_fullStr |
Data from: Estimating the number of pulses in a mass extinction |
title_full_unstemmed |
Data from: Estimating the number of pulses in a mass extinction |
title_sort |
data from: estimating the number of pulses in a mass extinction |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cj38k |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_source |
oai:services.nod.dans.knaw.nl:Products/dans:oai:easy.dans.knaw.nl:easy-dataset:94790 oai:easy.dans.knaw.nl:easy-dataset:94790 10.5061/dryad.cj38k 10|eurocrisdris::fe4903425d9040f680d8610d9079ea14 10|re3data_____::84e123776089ce3c7a33db98d9cd15a8 10|openaire____::9e3be59865b2c1c335d32dae2fe7b254 10|re3data_____::94816e6421eeb072e7742ce6a9decc5f re3data_____::r3d100000044 |
op_relation |
http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cj38k https://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cj38k |
op_rights |
lic_creative-commons |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cj38k https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.CJ38K |
_version_ |
1766071953198678016 |