Formation of the lanscape between upper Rawka and Pilica rivers during deglaciation of the Warta ice-sheet

• Main Author: Rdzany, Zbigniew
• Format: Book
• Language: Polish
• Published: Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe Societas Scientarum Lodziensis 2013
• Subjects: geo; envir; Kame Hills; Ice Sheet
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/11089/1136

SUMMARY The research was carried out in the north-eastern part of Łódź Upland and in the neighbouring fragment of Mazovian Lowland, about 20-80 km to the E and SE of Łódź. The area, of about 1,400 km2, is located in the marginal zone of the Warta ice-sheet. The upper Rawka valley and its accompanying interfluves were thoroughly analysed, whereas the remaining areas were subject to a more surveying type of research. The northern part of the study area is more diverse than its southern part - consisting mostly of plains. Its main form is the upper Rawka valley, which in its central and eastern part reaches 5-6 km of width and 25-45 m. of depth. The widening was called the Upper Rawka Basin. The significant diversity of landscape is caused mainly by the rich inventory of glacial forms, constituting what may be generally called the slope zones of the depression and appearing island-like within the reach of fluvial terraces. One of the biggest kame complexes in Central Poland is found here. The fluvial elements of the Rawka valley are: Vistulian low terrace, elevated 3-6 m. over the bottom of the valley, and Holocene floodplain. Tomaszów Plain, situated in the southern part of the study area, is a flat moraine interfluve, slightly inclined from NW towards SE. Small river valleys (of Piasecznica, Gać, Struga, and Luboczanka) also run accordingly to that direction. The area of Rawa Interfluve within the study area is situated a little lower than the described interfluves on the western side. The relief is diversified by kame hills and ridges of different size, usually in groups of N-S or NW-SE orientation. The analysed area, in comparison with other parts of Łódź Upland, was characterised by very modest geomorphologic recognition until the nineteen-sixties. Only then the thesis about terminoglacial origin of most ¬¬of the local convex forms, formed, according to that theory, in the process of multi-stage frontal recession of the Warta ice-sheet (Balińska-Wuttke 1960; S. Z. Różycki 1961) was formulated. During the ...