Contribution of changes in opal productivity and nutrient distribution in the coastal upwelling systems to late Pliocene/early Pleistocene climate cooling
International audience The global late Pliocene/early Pleistocene cooling (~3.0-2.0 million years ago, Ma) concurred with extremely high diatom and biogenic opal production in most of the major coastal upwelling regions. This phenomenon was particularly pronounced in the Benguela Upwelling System (B...
Published in: | Climate of the Past |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2012
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1435-2012 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01858967/file/cp-8-1435-2012.pdf https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01858967 |
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envir geo Etourneau, Johan Ehlert, Claudia Frank, M. Martinez, P. Schneider, Ralf Contribution of changes in opal productivity and nutrient distribution in the coastal upwelling systems to late Pliocene/early Pleistocene climate cooling |
topic_facet |
envir geo |
description |
International audience The global late Pliocene/early Pleistocene cooling (~3.0-2.0 million years ago, Ma) concurred with extremely high diatom and biogenic opal production in most of the major coastal upwelling regions. This phenomenon was particularly pronounced in the Benguela Upwelling System (BUS), off Namibia, where it is known as the Matuyama Diatom Maximum (MDM). Our study focuses on a new diatom silicon isotope (δ30Si) record covering the MDM in the BUS. Unexpectedly, the variations in δ30Si signal follow biogenic opal content, whereby the highest δ30Si values correspond to the highest biogenic opal content. We interpret the higher δ30Si values during the MDM as a result of a stronger degree of silicate utilization in the surface waters caused by high productivity of mat-forming diatom species. This was most likely promoted by weak upwelling intensity dominating the BUS during the Plio/Pleistocene cooling combined with a large silicate supply derived from a strong Southern Ocean nutrient leakage responding to the expansion of Antarctic ice cover and the resulting stratification of the polar ocean 3.0-2.7 Ma ago. A similar scenario is hypothesized for other major coastal upwelling systems (e.g. off California) during this time interval, suggesting that the efficiency of the biological carbon pump was probably sufficiently enhanced in these regions during the MDM to have significantly increased the transport of atmospheric CO2 to the deep ocean. In addition, the coeval extension of the area of surface water stratification in both the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific, which decreased CO2 release to the atmosphere, led to further enhanced atmospheric CO2 drawn-down and thus contributed significantly to late Pliocene/early Pleistocene cooling. |
author2 |
Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institut für Geowissenschaften Kiel Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU) Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC) Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Etourneau, Johan Ehlert, Claudia Frank, M. Martinez, P. Schneider, Ralf |
author_facet |
Etourneau, Johan Ehlert, Claudia Frank, M. Martinez, P. Schneider, Ralf |
author_sort |
Etourneau, Johan |
title |
Contribution of changes in opal productivity and nutrient distribution in the coastal upwelling systems to late Pliocene/early Pleistocene climate cooling |
title_short |
Contribution of changes in opal productivity and nutrient distribution in the coastal upwelling systems to late Pliocene/early Pleistocene climate cooling |
title_full |
Contribution of changes in opal productivity and nutrient distribution in the coastal upwelling systems to late Pliocene/early Pleistocene climate cooling |
title_fullStr |
Contribution of changes in opal productivity and nutrient distribution in the coastal upwelling systems to late Pliocene/early Pleistocene climate cooling |
title_full_unstemmed |
Contribution of changes in opal productivity and nutrient distribution in the coastal upwelling systems to late Pliocene/early Pleistocene climate cooling |
title_sort |
contribution of changes in opal productivity and nutrient distribution in the coastal upwelling systems to late pliocene/early pleistocene climate cooling |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1435-2012 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01858967/file/cp-8-1435-2012.pdf https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01858967 |
geographic |
Antarctic Pacific Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Pacific Southern Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Hyper Article en Ligne - Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société ISSN: 1814-9324 EISSN: 1814-9332 Climate of the Past Climate of the Past, European Geosciences Union (EGU), 2012, 8 (5), pp.1435-1445. ⟨10.5194/cp-8-1435-2012⟩ |
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op_rights |
lic_creative-commons |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1435-2012 |
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Climate of the Past |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:10670/1.ytu9aw 2023-05-15T13:41:25+02:00 Contribution of changes in opal productivity and nutrient distribution in the coastal upwelling systems to late Pliocene/early Pleistocene climate cooling Etourneau, Johan Ehlert, Claudia Frank, M. Martinez, P. Schneider, Ralf Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institut für Geowissenschaften Kiel Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU) Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC) Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU 2012-09-13 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1435-2012 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01858967/file/cp-8-1435-2012.pdf https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01858967 en eng HAL CCSD European Geosciences Union (EGU) hal-01858967 doi:10.5194/cp-8-1435-2012 WOS: 000310470600004 10670/1.ytu9aw https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01858967/file/cp-8-1435-2012.pdf https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01858967 lic_creative-commons Hyper Article en Ligne - Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société ISSN: 1814-9324 EISSN: 1814-9332 Climate of the Past Climate of the Past, European Geosciences Union (EGU), 2012, 8 (5), pp.1435-1445. ⟨10.5194/cp-8-1435-2012⟩ envir geo Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2012 fttriple https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1435-2012 2023-01-22T17:26:16Z International audience The global late Pliocene/early Pleistocene cooling (~3.0-2.0 million years ago, Ma) concurred with extremely high diatom and biogenic opal production in most of the major coastal upwelling regions. This phenomenon was particularly pronounced in the Benguela Upwelling System (BUS), off Namibia, where it is known as the Matuyama Diatom Maximum (MDM). Our study focuses on a new diatom silicon isotope (δ30Si) record covering the MDM in the BUS. Unexpectedly, the variations in δ30Si signal follow biogenic opal content, whereby the highest δ30Si values correspond to the highest biogenic opal content. We interpret the higher δ30Si values during the MDM as a result of a stronger degree of silicate utilization in the surface waters caused by high productivity of mat-forming diatom species. This was most likely promoted by weak upwelling intensity dominating the BUS during the Plio/Pleistocene cooling combined with a large silicate supply derived from a strong Southern Ocean nutrient leakage responding to the expansion of Antarctic ice cover and the resulting stratification of the polar ocean 3.0-2.7 Ma ago. A similar scenario is hypothesized for other major coastal upwelling systems (e.g. off California) during this time interval, suggesting that the efficiency of the biological carbon pump was probably sufficiently enhanced in these regions during the MDM to have significantly increased the transport of atmospheric CO2 to the deep ocean. In addition, the coeval extension of the area of surface water stratification in both the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific, which decreased CO2 release to the atmosphere, led to further enhanced atmospheric CO2 drawn-down and thus contributed significantly to late Pliocene/early Pleistocene cooling. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean Unknown Antarctic Pacific Southern Ocean Climate of the Past 8 5 1435 1445 |