Late Quaternary moisture export across Central America and to Greenland: evidence for tropical rainfall variability from Costa Rican stalagmites

• Published in: Quaternary Science Reviews
• Main Authors: Lachniet, Matthew S., Johnson, Leah, Asmerom, Yemane, Burns, Stephen J., Polyak, Victor, Patterson, William P., Burt, Lindsay, Azouz, April
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd 2009
• Subjects: envir; geo; Greenland; Pacific; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.09.018; https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00219/33020/31488.pdf; https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00219/33020/

We present a high-resolution terrestrial archive of Central American rainfall over the period 100-24 and 8.1-6.5 ka, based on delta(18)O time series from U-series dated stalagmites collected from a cave on the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica. Our results indicate substantial delta(18)O variability on millennial to orbital time scales that is interpreted to reflect rainfall variations over the cave site. Correlations with other paleoclimate proxy records suggest that the rainfall variations are forced by sea surface temperatures (SST) in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in a fashion analogous to the modern climate cycle. Higher rainfall is associated with periods of a warm tropical North Atlantic Ocean and large SST gradients between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Rainfall variability is likely linked to the intensity and/or latitudinal position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Periods of higher rainfall in Costa Rica are also associated with an enhanced sea surface salinity gradient on either side of the isthmus, suggesting greater freshwater export from the Atlantic Basin when the ITCZ is stronger and/or in a more northerly position. Further, wet periods in Central America coincide with high deuterium excess values in Greenland ice, suggesting a direct link between low latitude SSTs, tropical rainfall, and moisture delivery to Greenland. Our results indicate that a stronger tropical hydrological cycle during warm periods and large inter-ocean SST gradients enhanced the delivery of low latitude moisture to Greenland.