First Assessment of SMOS Data Over Open Ocean: Part II--Sea Surface Salinity
International audience We validate Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) sea surface salinity (SSS) retrieved during August 2010 from the European Space Agency SMOS processing. Biases appear close to land and ice and between ascending and descending orbits; they are linked to image reconstruction...
Published in: | IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2012
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2012.2184546 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00752864 |
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envir geo |
spellingShingle |
envir geo Boutin, Jacqueline Martin, Nicolas Yin, Xiaobin Font, Jordi Reul, Nicolas Spurgeon, Paul First Assessment of SMOS Data Over Open Ocean: Part II--Sea Surface Salinity |
topic_facet |
envir geo |
description |
International audience We validate Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) sea surface salinity (SSS) retrieved during August 2010 from the European Space Agency SMOS processing. Biases appear close to land and ice and between ascending and descending orbits; they are linked to image reconstruction issues and instrument calibration and remain under study. We validate the SMOS SSS in conditions where these biases appear to be small. We compare SMOS and ARGO SSS over four regions far from land and ice using only ascending orbits. Four modelings of the impact of the wind on the sea surface emissivity have been tested. Results suggest that the L-band brightness temperature is not linearly related to the wind speed at high winds as expected in the presence of emissive foam, but that the foam effect is less than previously modeled. Given the large noise on individual SMOS measurements, a precision suitable for oceanographic studies can only be achieved after averaging SMOS SSS. Over selected regions and after mean bias removal, the precision on SSS retrieved from ascending orbits and averaged over 100 km x 100 km and 10 days is between 0.3 and 0.5 pss far from land and sea ice borders. These results have been obtained with forward models not fitted to satellite L-band measurements, and image reconstruction and instrument calibration are expected to improve. Hence, we anticipate that deducing, from SMOS measurements, SSS maps at 200 km x 200 km, 10 days resolution with an accuracy of 0.2 pss at a global scale is not out of reach. |
author2 |
Échanges dans la couche de surface : des pôles aux tropiques (SURF) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Boutin, Jacqueline Martin, Nicolas Yin, Xiaobin Font, Jordi Reul, Nicolas Spurgeon, Paul |
author_facet |
Boutin, Jacqueline Martin, Nicolas Yin, Xiaobin Font, Jordi Reul, Nicolas Spurgeon, Paul |
author_sort |
Boutin, Jacqueline |
title |
First Assessment of SMOS Data Over Open Ocean: Part II--Sea Surface Salinity |
title_short |
First Assessment of SMOS Data Over Open Ocean: Part II--Sea Surface Salinity |
title_full |
First Assessment of SMOS Data Over Open Ocean: Part II--Sea Surface Salinity |
title_fullStr |
First Assessment of SMOS Data Over Open Ocean: Part II--Sea Surface Salinity |
title_full_unstemmed |
First Assessment of SMOS Data Over Open Ocean: Part II--Sea Surface Salinity |
title_sort |
first assessment of smos data over open ocean: part ii--sea surface salinity |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2012.2184546 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00752864 |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Hyper Article en Ligne - Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société ISSN: 0196-2892 IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2012, 50 (5), pp.1662-1675. ⟨10.1109/TGRS.2012.2184546⟩ |
op_relation |
hal-00752864 BIBCODE: 2012ITGRS.50.1662B doi:10.1109/TGRS.2012.2184546 WOS: 000303205200026 10670/1.to5r62 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00752864 |
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IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing |
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50 |
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1675 |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:10670/1.to5r62 2023-05-15T18:18:39+02:00 First Assessment of SMOS Data Over Open Ocean: Part II--Sea Surface Salinity Boutin, Jacqueline Martin, Nicolas Yin, Xiaobin Font, Jordi Reul, Nicolas Spurgeon, Paul Échanges dans la couche de surface : des pôles aux tropiques (SURF) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 2012-05-01 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2012.2184546 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00752864 en eng HAL CCSD Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers hal-00752864 BIBCODE: 2012ITGRS.50.1662B doi:10.1109/TGRS.2012.2184546 WOS: 000303205200026 10670/1.to5r62 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00752864 undefined Hyper Article en Ligne - Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société ISSN: 0196-2892 IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2012, 50 (5), pp.1662-1675. ⟨10.1109/TGRS.2012.2184546⟩ envir geo Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2012 fttriple https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2012.2184546 2023-01-22T18:39:35Z International audience We validate Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) sea surface salinity (SSS) retrieved during August 2010 from the European Space Agency SMOS processing. Biases appear close to land and ice and between ascending and descending orbits; they are linked to image reconstruction issues and instrument calibration and remain under study. We validate the SMOS SSS in conditions where these biases appear to be small. We compare SMOS and ARGO SSS over four regions far from land and ice using only ascending orbits. Four modelings of the impact of the wind on the sea surface emissivity have been tested. Results suggest that the L-band brightness temperature is not linearly related to the wind speed at high winds as expected in the presence of emissive foam, but that the foam effect is less than previously modeled. Given the large noise on individual SMOS measurements, a precision suitable for oceanographic studies can only be achieved after averaging SMOS SSS. Over selected regions and after mean bias removal, the precision on SSS retrieved from ascending orbits and averaged over 100 km x 100 km and 10 days is between 0.3 and 0.5 pss far from land and sea ice borders. These results have been obtained with forward models not fitted to satellite L-band measurements, and image reconstruction and instrument calibration are expected to improve. Hence, we anticipate that deducing, from SMOS measurements, SSS maps at 200 km x 200 km, 10 days resolution with an accuracy of 0.2 pss at a global scale is not out of reach. Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Unknown IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 50 5 1662 1675 |