The ocean mixed layer under Southern Ocean sea-ice: Seasonal cycle and forcing
The oceanic mixed layer is the gateway for the exchanges between the atmosphere and the ocean; in this layer, all hydrographic ocean properties are set for months to millennia. A vast area of the Southern Ocean is seasonally capped by sea-ice, which alters the characteristics of the ocean mixed laye...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011970 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49400/49901.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49400/ |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:10670/1.samsf5 2023-05-15T16:05:23+02:00 The ocean mixed layer under Southern Ocean sea-ice: Seasonal cycle and forcing Pellichero, Violaine Sallee, Jean-baptiste Schmidtko, Sunke Roquet, Fabien Charrassin, Jean-benoit https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011970 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49400/49901.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49400/ en eng Amer Geophysical Union doi:10.1002/2016JC011970 10670/1.samsf5 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49400/49901.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49400/ other Archimer, archive institutionnelle de l'Ifremer Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans (2169-9275) (Amer Geophysical Union), 2017-02 , Vol. 122 , N. 2 , P. 1608-1633 geo envir Text https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_18cf/ fttriple https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011970 2023-01-22T18:29:00Z The oceanic mixed layer is the gateway for the exchanges between the atmosphere and the ocean; in this layer, all hydrographic ocean properties are set for months to millennia. A vast area of the Southern Ocean is seasonally capped by sea-ice, which alters the characteristics of the ocean mixed layer. The interaction between the ocean mixed layer and sea-ice plays a key role for water mass transformation, the carbon cycle, sea-ice dynamics, and ultimately for the climate as a whole. However, the structure and characteristics of the under-ice mixed layer are poorly understood due to the sparseness of in situ observations and measurements. In this study, we combine distinct sources of observations to overcome this lack in our understanding of the polar regions. Working with elephant seal-derived, ship-based, and Argo float observations, we describe the seasonal cycle of the ocean mixed-layer characteristics and stability of the ocean mixed layer over the Southern Ocean and specifically under sea-ice. Mixed-layer heat and freshwater budgets are used to investigate the main forcing mechanisms of the mixed-layer seasonal cycle. The seasonal variability of sea surface salinity and temperature are primarily driven by surface processes, dominated by sea-ice freshwater flux for the salt budget and by air-sea flux for the heat budget. Ekman advection, vertical diffusivity, and vertical entrainment play only secondary roles. Our results suggest that changes in regional sea-ice distribution and annual duration, as currently observed, widely affect the buoyancy budget of the underlying mixed layer, and impact large-scale water mass formation and transformation with far reaching consequences for ocean ventilation. Text Elephant Seal Sea ice Southern Ocean Unknown Southern Ocean Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122 2 1608 1633 |
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geo envir Pellichero, Violaine Sallee, Jean-baptiste Schmidtko, Sunke Roquet, Fabien Charrassin, Jean-benoit The ocean mixed layer under Southern Ocean sea-ice: Seasonal cycle and forcing |
topic_facet |
geo envir |
description |
The oceanic mixed layer is the gateway for the exchanges between the atmosphere and the ocean; in this layer, all hydrographic ocean properties are set for months to millennia. A vast area of the Southern Ocean is seasonally capped by sea-ice, which alters the characteristics of the ocean mixed layer. The interaction between the ocean mixed layer and sea-ice plays a key role for water mass transformation, the carbon cycle, sea-ice dynamics, and ultimately for the climate as a whole. However, the structure and characteristics of the under-ice mixed layer are poorly understood due to the sparseness of in situ observations and measurements. In this study, we combine distinct sources of observations to overcome this lack in our understanding of the polar regions. Working with elephant seal-derived, ship-based, and Argo float observations, we describe the seasonal cycle of the ocean mixed-layer characteristics and stability of the ocean mixed layer over the Southern Ocean and specifically under sea-ice. Mixed-layer heat and freshwater budgets are used to investigate the main forcing mechanisms of the mixed-layer seasonal cycle. The seasonal variability of sea surface salinity and temperature are primarily driven by surface processes, dominated by sea-ice freshwater flux for the salt budget and by air-sea flux for the heat budget. Ekman advection, vertical diffusivity, and vertical entrainment play only secondary roles. Our results suggest that changes in regional sea-ice distribution and annual duration, as currently observed, widely affect the buoyancy budget of the underlying mixed layer, and impact large-scale water mass formation and transformation with far reaching consequences for ocean ventilation. |
format |
Text |
author |
Pellichero, Violaine Sallee, Jean-baptiste Schmidtko, Sunke Roquet, Fabien Charrassin, Jean-benoit |
author_facet |
Pellichero, Violaine Sallee, Jean-baptiste Schmidtko, Sunke Roquet, Fabien Charrassin, Jean-benoit |
author_sort |
Pellichero, Violaine |
title |
The ocean mixed layer under Southern Ocean sea-ice: Seasonal cycle and forcing |
title_short |
The ocean mixed layer under Southern Ocean sea-ice: Seasonal cycle and forcing |
title_full |
The ocean mixed layer under Southern Ocean sea-ice: Seasonal cycle and forcing |
title_fullStr |
The ocean mixed layer under Southern Ocean sea-ice: Seasonal cycle and forcing |
title_full_unstemmed |
The ocean mixed layer under Southern Ocean sea-ice: Seasonal cycle and forcing |
title_sort |
ocean mixed layer under southern ocean sea-ice: seasonal cycle and forcing |
publisher |
Amer Geophysical Union |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011970 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49400/49901.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49400/ |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Elephant Seal Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Elephant Seal Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Archimer, archive institutionnelle de l'Ifremer Journal Of Geophysical Research-oceans (2169-9275) (Amer Geophysical Union), 2017-02 , Vol. 122 , N. 2 , P. 1608-1633 |
op_relation |
doi:10.1002/2016JC011970 10670/1.samsf5 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49400/49901.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00383/49400/ |
op_rights |
other |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011970 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
container_volume |
122 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
1608 |
op_container_end_page |
1633 |
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1766401275776204800 |