Contribution of satellite remote sensing acquired in the visible, near infrared and thermal infrared to the study of Eurasiatic Arctic seas

• Main Author: Anselme, Brice
• Other Authors: Centre Énergétique et Procédés (CEP), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, Lucien Wald([e-mail])
• Format: Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: HAL CCSD 1997
• Subjects: Arctic; satellite remote sensing; oceanography; marine pollution; Barents sea; Kara sea; sea surface temperature; sea ice; sediment transport; phytoplanktonic bloom; Arctique; télédétection spatiale; océanographie; pollution marine; mer de Barents; mer de Kara; température de surface de la mer; glaces marines; transport sédimentaire; floraison phytoplanctonique; geo; envir; Barents Sea; Kara Sea; Arctique*; Mer de Barents; Mer de Kara; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955324/file/ANSELME_Brice.pdf; https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955324

The overall objective of our work was to improve the knowledge of the Arctic marine environment. Using satellite remote sensing operating in the visible, near infrared and thermal infrared, we studied oceanic surface structures over the Barents and Kara seas, as weil as in the southern part of the Barents sea. ln situ measurements obtained from oceanographie campaigns allowed us to validate the algorithms we used for image processing and helped us in analysing the images. We studied both biological and physical oceanic structures. Concerning primary production, we showed in which areas and when phytoplanktonic blooms start to develop. We also emphasised the areas where thermal and hydrological fronts appear, sea ice drift and its relationship to surface currents, as well as the transport of sediments and associated pollutants by rivers and their outflow distribution patterns into the sea. The final goal of our work was to outline which areas of the Eurasiatic Arctic seas are the most sensitive and exposed if a pollution should occur. We finally concluded that two areas were particularly vulnerable: the marginal sea ice zone in the northern Barents sea that supports a large part of the phytoplanktonic ecosystem, source of the food chain. Due to the intensity and very short timing of the phytoplanktonic bloom in that area, pollution could have serious consequences there. Important exchange of water masses and ice, potentially contaminated, occur in the southeastern part of the Barents sea, which constitutes a large refuge for marine mammals and migratory birds. Concerns about oil and natural gas exploitation should lead future investigations to focus on monitoring of both areas. Notre travail avait pour objectif d'apporter une contribution à l'amélioration des connaissances de l'environnement marin arctique. Plus précisément, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'étude des structures océaniques de surface, à la fois biologiques et physiques, dans les mers de Barents et de Kara, ainsi que dans la partie sud-est de la ...