Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Observed Transport and Variability
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) extends from the Southern Ocean to the northern North Atlantic, transporting heat northwards throughout the South and North Atlantic, and sinking carbon and nutrients into the deep ocean. Climate models indicate that changes to the AMOC both her...
Published in: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00260 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61507/65342.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61507/65343.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61507/ |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:10670/1.mcebbo 2023-05-15T17:31:07+02:00 Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Observed Transport and Variability Frajka-williams, Eleanor Ansorge, Isabelle J. Baehr, Johanna Bryden, Harry L. Chidichimo, Maria Paz Cunningham, Stuart A. Danabasoglu, Gokhan Dong, Shenfu Donohue, Kathleen A. Elipot, Shane Heimbach, Patrick Holliday, N. Penny Hummels, Rebecca Jackson, Laura C. Karstensen, Johannes Lankhorst, Matthias Le Bras, Isabela A. Lozier, M. Susan Mcdonagh, Elaine L. Meinen, Christopher S. Mercier, Herle Moat, Bengamin I. Perez, Renellys C Piecuch, Christopher G. Rhein, Monika Srokosz, Meric A. Trenberth, Kevin E. Bacon, Sheldon Forget, Gael Goni, Gustavo Kieke, Dagmar Koelling, Jannes Lamont, Tarron Mccarthy, Gerard D. Mertens, Christian Send, Uwe Smeed, David A. Speich, Sabrina Van Den Berg, Marcel Volkov, Denis Wilson, Chris https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00260 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61507/65342.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61507/65343.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61507/ en eng Frontiers Media SA doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00260 10670/1.mcebbo https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61507/65342.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61507/65343.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61507/ other Archimer, archive institutionnelle de l'Ifremer Frontiers In Marine Science (2296-7745) (Frontiers Media SA), 2019-06 , Vol. 6 , N. 260 , P. 18p. envir geo Text https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_18cf/ fttriple https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00260 2023-01-22T16:48:21Z The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) extends from the Southern Ocean to the northern North Atlantic, transporting heat northwards throughout the South and North Atlantic, and sinking carbon and nutrients into the deep ocean. Climate models indicate that changes to the AMOC both herald and drive climate shifts. Intensive trans-basin AMOC observational systems have been put in place to continuously monitor meridional volume transport variability, and in some cases, heat, freshwater and carbon transport. These observational programs have been used to diagnose the magnitude and origins of transport variability, and to investigate impacts of variability on essential climate variables such as sea surface temperature, ocean heat content and coastal sea level. AMOC observing approaches vary between the different systems, ranging from trans-basin arrays (OSNAP, RAPID 26°N, 11°S, SAMBA 34.5°S) to arrays concentrating on western boundaries (e.g., RAPID WAVE, MOVE 16°N). In this paper, we outline the different approaches (aims, strengths and limitations) and summarize the key results to date. We also discuss alternate approaches for capturing AMOC variability including direct estimates (e.g., using sea level, bottom pressure, and hydrography from autonomous profiling floats), indirect estimates applying budgetary approaches, state estimates or ocean reanalyses, and proxies. Based on the existing observations and their results, and the potential of new observational and formal synthesis approaches, we make suggestions as to how to evaluate a comprehensive, future-proof observational network of the AMOC to deepen our understanding of the AMOC and its role in global climate. Text North Atlantic Southern Ocean Unknown Southern Ocean Frontiers in Marine Science 6 |
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envir geo Frajka-williams, Eleanor Ansorge, Isabelle J. Baehr, Johanna Bryden, Harry L. Chidichimo, Maria Paz Cunningham, Stuart A. Danabasoglu, Gokhan Dong, Shenfu Donohue, Kathleen A. Elipot, Shane Heimbach, Patrick Holliday, N. Penny Hummels, Rebecca Jackson, Laura C. Karstensen, Johannes Lankhorst, Matthias Le Bras, Isabela A. Lozier, M. Susan Mcdonagh, Elaine L. Meinen, Christopher S. Mercier, Herle Moat, Bengamin I. Perez, Renellys C Piecuch, Christopher G. Rhein, Monika Srokosz, Meric A. Trenberth, Kevin E. Bacon, Sheldon Forget, Gael Goni, Gustavo Kieke, Dagmar Koelling, Jannes Lamont, Tarron Mccarthy, Gerard D. Mertens, Christian Send, Uwe Smeed, David A. Speich, Sabrina Van Den Berg, Marcel Volkov, Denis Wilson, Chris Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Observed Transport and Variability |
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envir geo |
description |
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) extends from the Southern Ocean to the northern North Atlantic, transporting heat northwards throughout the South and North Atlantic, and sinking carbon and nutrients into the deep ocean. Climate models indicate that changes to the AMOC both herald and drive climate shifts. Intensive trans-basin AMOC observational systems have been put in place to continuously monitor meridional volume transport variability, and in some cases, heat, freshwater and carbon transport. These observational programs have been used to diagnose the magnitude and origins of transport variability, and to investigate impacts of variability on essential climate variables such as sea surface temperature, ocean heat content and coastal sea level. AMOC observing approaches vary between the different systems, ranging from trans-basin arrays (OSNAP, RAPID 26°N, 11°S, SAMBA 34.5°S) to arrays concentrating on western boundaries (e.g., RAPID WAVE, MOVE 16°N). In this paper, we outline the different approaches (aims, strengths and limitations) and summarize the key results to date. We also discuss alternate approaches for capturing AMOC variability including direct estimates (e.g., using sea level, bottom pressure, and hydrography from autonomous profiling floats), indirect estimates applying budgetary approaches, state estimates or ocean reanalyses, and proxies. Based on the existing observations and their results, and the potential of new observational and formal synthesis approaches, we make suggestions as to how to evaluate a comprehensive, future-proof observational network of the AMOC to deepen our understanding of the AMOC and its role in global climate. |
format |
Text |
author |
Frajka-williams, Eleanor Ansorge, Isabelle J. Baehr, Johanna Bryden, Harry L. Chidichimo, Maria Paz Cunningham, Stuart A. Danabasoglu, Gokhan Dong, Shenfu Donohue, Kathleen A. Elipot, Shane Heimbach, Patrick Holliday, N. Penny Hummels, Rebecca Jackson, Laura C. Karstensen, Johannes Lankhorst, Matthias Le Bras, Isabela A. Lozier, M. Susan Mcdonagh, Elaine L. Meinen, Christopher S. Mercier, Herle Moat, Bengamin I. Perez, Renellys C Piecuch, Christopher G. Rhein, Monika Srokosz, Meric A. Trenberth, Kevin E. Bacon, Sheldon Forget, Gael Goni, Gustavo Kieke, Dagmar Koelling, Jannes Lamont, Tarron Mccarthy, Gerard D. Mertens, Christian Send, Uwe Smeed, David A. Speich, Sabrina Van Den Berg, Marcel Volkov, Denis Wilson, Chris |
author_facet |
Frajka-williams, Eleanor Ansorge, Isabelle J. Baehr, Johanna Bryden, Harry L. Chidichimo, Maria Paz Cunningham, Stuart A. Danabasoglu, Gokhan Dong, Shenfu Donohue, Kathleen A. Elipot, Shane Heimbach, Patrick Holliday, N. Penny Hummels, Rebecca Jackson, Laura C. Karstensen, Johannes Lankhorst, Matthias Le Bras, Isabela A. Lozier, M. Susan Mcdonagh, Elaine L. Meinen, Christopher S. Mercier, Herle Moat, Bengamin I. Perez, Renellys C Piecuch, Christopher G. Rhein, Monika Srokosz, Meric A. Trenberth, Kevin E. Bacon, Sheldon Forget, Gael Goni, Gustavo Kieke, Dagmar Koelling, Jannes Lamont, Tarron Mccarthy, Gerard D. Mertens, Christian Send, Uwe Smeed, David A. Speich, Sabrina Van Den Berg, Marcel Volkov, Denis Wilson, Chris |
author_sort |
Frajka-williams, Eleanor |
title |
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Observed Transport and Variability |
title_short |
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Observed Transport and Variability |
title_full |
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Observed Transport and Variability |
title_fullStr |
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Observed Transport and Variability |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Observed Transport and Variability |
title_sort |
atlantic meridional overturning circulation: observed transport and variability |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00260 https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61507/65342.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61507/65343.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61507/ |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Archimer, archive institutionnelle de l'Ifremer Frontiers In Marine Science (2296-7745) (Frontiers Media SA), 2019-06 , Vol. 6 , N. 260 , P. 18p. |
op_relation |
doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00260 10670/1.mcebbo https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61507/65342.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61507/65343.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61507/ |
op_rights |
other |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00260 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
6 |
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1766128443068514304 |