Écologie de la reproduction de l’huître creuse, Crassostrea gigas, sur les côtes atlantiques françaises. Vers une explication de la variabilité du captage
Spat collecting supplies numerous oyster-farmers with young cupped oyster, C. gigas. Since the end of the nineties, professionals have noticed an increasing variability of the number of spat among years. This thesis aimed to identify the origin of the variability of oyster recruitment. This question...
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| Format: | Text |
| Language: | French |
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La Rochelle
2011
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| Online Access: | https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00040/15155/12492.pdf https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00040/15155/ |
| Summary: | Spat collecting supplies numerous oyster-farmers with young cupped oyster, C. gigas. Since the end of the nineties, professionals have noticed an increasing variability of the number of spat among years. This thesis aimed to identify the origin of the variability of oyster recruitment. This question is addressed by different methods for each step of the reproduction of oyster: a DEB model for gametogenesis, valvometry for spawning, cohort analysis for larval stage and hydrodynamic models for dispersion. At the stage of the gametogenesis, variations of fecundity appear to be mainly influenced by phytoplankton quality. The study of spawning shows that it happens during high tides of spring tides, leading to a spawning that is foreseeable. For Arcachon Bay, spat number depends on the survival of larval cohort that is in turn submitted to a complex climatic effect mainly based on sea temperature. Arcachon and Marennes-Oléron Bays seem also to depend on the variability of larval supply: the supply of larvae is provide by a source of larvae in the north of spat collecting areas for Charente and by an local source that seems to decrease for Arcachon. This decrease of larval supply and the climate effect are the two suspected origins of the increased variability of spat collecting in Arcachon Bay. L’activité de captage permet d’assurer l’approvisionnement en juvéniles d’huîtres creuses, C. gigas, pour de nombreux ostréiculteurs. Les professionnels du bassin d’Arcachon ont constaté une augmentation de la variabilité du nombre de naissains fixés depuis la fin des années 90. Cette thèse vise à identifier les sources d’une telle variabilité du recrutement de l’huître creuse. Cette question est abordée par une analyse originale de chacune des étapes du cycle de reproduction : un modèle DEB pour la gamétogenèse, la valvométrie pour l’émission des gamètes, des séries historiques de pêches de larves pour le stade larvaire et un modèle hydrodynamique pour la dispersion. Concernant la gamétogenèse, les résultats soulignent ... |
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