Productivity and change in fish and squid in the Southern Ocean

• Published in: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
• Main Authors: Caccavo, Jilda Alicia, Christiansen, Henrik, Constable, Andrew J., Ghigliotti, Laura, Trebilco, Rowan, Brooks, Cassandra, Cotté, Cédric, Desvignes, Thomas, Dornan, Tracey, Jones, Christopher, Koubbi, Philippe, Saunders, Ryan, Strobel, Anneli, Vacchi, Marino, Van De Putte, Anton, Walters, Andrea, Waluda, Claire, Woods, Briannyn, Xavier, José
• Other Authors: Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania Hobart, Australia (UTAS), Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impacts and the Sustainability in the Marine Environment (IAS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Oregon Eugene, School of Biological Sciences Bristol, University of Bristol Bristol, Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Biotechnologies et Ressources Marines (IFREMER BRM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE UC), Universidade de Coimbra Coimbra
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2021
• Subjects: marine ecosystem assessment; climate change; conservation management; Antarctic; fisheries; notothenioids; myctophids; squid; envir; geo; Antarctic Peninsula; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarc*; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.624918; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03336075/file/cacc1.pdf; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03336075

International audience Southern Ocean ecosystems are globally important and vulnerable to global drivers of change, yet they remain challenging to study. Fish and squid make up a significant portion of the biomass within the Southern Ocean, filling key roles in food webs from forage to mid-trophic species and top predators. They comprise a diverse array of species uniquely adapted to the extreme habitats of the region. Adaptations such as antifreeze glycoproteins, lipid-retention, extended larval phases, delayed senescence, and energy-conserving life strategies equip Antarctic fish and squid to withstand the dark winters and yearlong subzero temperatures experienced in much of the Southern Ocean. In addition to krill exploitation, the comparatively high commercial value of Antarctic fish, particularly the lucrative toothfish, drives fisheries interests, which has included illegal fishing. Uncertainty about the population dynamics of target species and ecosystem structure and function more broadly has necessitated a precautionary, ecosystem approach to managing these stocks and enabling the recovery of depleted species. Fisheries currently remain the major local driver of change in Southern Ocean fish productivity, but global climate change presents an even greater challenge to assessing future changes. Parts of the Southern Ocean are experiencing ocean-warming, such as the West Antarctic Peninsula, while other areas, such as the Ross Sea shelf, have undergone cooling in recent years. These trends are expected to result in a redistribution of species based on their tolerances to different temperature regimes. Climate variability may impair the migratory response of these species to environmental change, while imposing increased pressures on recruitment. Fisheries and climate change, coupled with related local and global drivers such as pollution and sea ice change, have the potential to produce synergistic impacts that compound the risks to Antarctic fish and squid species. The uncertainty surrounding how ...