Energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory.
International audience This paper investigates the energy savings of male emperor penguins Aptenodytes forsteri linked to their huddling behaviour, the key factor that allows them to assume their incubating task while undergoing a long fast. Drawing on new studies by our team, this review examines t...
Published in: | Journal of Experimental Biology |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.005785 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00200129 |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:10670/1.ju5um5 2023-05-15T14:17:07+02:00 Energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory. Gilbert, Caroline Blanc, Stéphane Le Maho, Yvon Ancel, André Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC) Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC) Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) IPEV 2008-01-01 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.005785 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00200129 en eng HAL CCSD The Company of Biologists hal-00200129 doi:10.1242/jeb.005785 PUBMED: 18083725 10670/1.ju5um5 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00200129 undefined Hyper Article en Ligne - Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société ISSN: 0022-0949 EISSN: 1477-9145 Journal of Experimental Biology Journal of Experimental Biology, The Company of Biologists, 2008, 211 (1), pp.1-8. ⟨10.1242/jeb.005785⟩ huddling body temperature wind protection microclimate emperor penguin energetic benefit envir socio Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2008 fttriple https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.005785 2023-01-22T17:41:13Z International audience This paper investigates the energy savings of male emperor penguins Aptenodytes forsteri linked to their huddling behaviour, the key factor that allows them to assume their incubating task while undergoing a long fast. Drawing on new studies by our team, this review examines the energetic benefits accrued from huddling and estimates the respective contributions of wind protection, exposure to mild ambient temperatures, reduction in cold-exposed body surfaces and body temperature adjustments in these energy savings. The metabolic rate of ;loosely grouped' birds (restrained in small groups of 5-10 individuals, which are unable to huddle effectively) is reduced by 39% compared to metabolic rate of ;isolated' birds, with 32% of these energetic benefits due to wind protection. In addition, metabolic rate of ;free-ranging' emperors, i.e. able to move freely and to huddle, is on average 21% lower than that of ;loosely grouped' birds. Exposure to mild ambient temperatures within the groups and reduction in cold-exposed body surfaces while huddling, though overestimated, would represent a 38% metabolic reduction. About two thirds of metabolic lowering is attributable to the reduction in cold-exposed body surfaces and one third to the mild microclimate created within the groups. Moreover, body temperature adjustments contribute to these energetic benefits: maintaining body temperatures 1 degrees C lower would represent a 7-17% reduction in energy expenditure. These processes, linked together, explain how huddling emperors save energy and maintain a constant body temperature, which ensures a successful incubation in the midst of the austral winter. Article in Journal/Newspaper Aptenodytes forsteri Emperor penguins Unknown Austral Huddle ENVELOPE(-64.983,-64.983,-65.411,-65.411) Journal of Experimental Biology 211 1 1 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
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fttriple |
language |
English |
topic |
huddling body temperature wind protection microclimate emperor penguin energetic benefit envir socio |
spellingShingle |
huddling body temperature wind protection microclimate emperor penguin energetic benefit envir socio Gilbert, Caroline Blanc, Stéphane Le Maho, Yvon Ancel, André Energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory. |
topic_facet |
huddling body temperature wind protection microclimate emperor penguin energetic benefit envir socio |
description |
International audience This paper investigates the energy savings of male emperor penguins Aptenodytes forsteri linked to their huddling behaviour, the key factor that allows them to assume their incubating task while undergoing a long fast. Drawing on new studies by our team, this review examines the energetic benefits accrued from huddling and estimates the respective contributions of wind protection, exposure to mild ambient temperatures, reduction in cold-exposed body surfaces and body temperature adjustments in these energy savings. The metabolic rate of ;loosely grouped' birds (restrained in small groups of 5-10 individuals, which are unable to huddle effectively) is reduced by 39% compared to metabolic rate of ;isolated' birds, with 32% of these energetic benefits due to wind protection. In addition, metabolic rate of ;free-ranging' emperors, i.e. able to move freely and to huddle, is on average 21% lower than that of ;loosely grouped' birds. Exposure to mild ambient temperatures within the groups and reduction in cold-exposed body surfaces while huddling, though overestimated, would represent a 38% metabolic reduction. About two thirds of metabolic lowering is attributable to the reduction in cold-exposed body surfaces and one third to the mild microclimate created within the groups. Moreover, body temperature adjustments contribute to these energetic benefits: maintaining body temperatures 1 degrees C lower would represent a 7-17% reduction in energy expenditure. These processes, linked together, explain how huddling emperors save energy and maintain a constant body temperature, which ensures a successful incubation in the midst of the austral winter. |
author2 |
Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC) Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC) Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) IPEV |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Gilbert, Caroline Blanc, Stéphane Le Maho, Yvon Ancel, André |
author_facet |
Gilbert, Caroline Blanc, Stéphane Le Maho, Yvon Ancel, André |
author_sort |
Gilbert, Caroline |
title |
Energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory. |
title_short |
Energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory. |
title_full |
Energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory. |
title_fullStr |
Energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory. |
title_sort |
energy saving processes in huddling emperor penguins: from experiments to theory. |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2008 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.005785 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00200129 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-64.983,-64.983,-65.411,-65.411) |
geographic |
Austral Huddle |
geographic_facet |
Austral Huddle |
genre |
Aptenodytes forsteri Emperor penguins |
genre_facet |
Aptenodytes forsteri Emperor penguins |
op_source |
Hyper Article en Ligne - Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société ISSN: 0022-0949 EISSN: 1477-9145 Journal of Experimental Biology Journal of Experimental Biology, The Company of Biologists, 2008, 211 (1), pp.1-8. ⟨10.1242/jeb.005785⟩ |
op_relation |
hal-00200129 doi:10.1242/jeb.005785 PUBMED: 18083725 10670/1.ju5um5 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00200129 |
op_rights |
undefined |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.005785 |
container_title |
Journal of Experimental Biology |
container_volume |
211 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
1 |
op_container_end_page |
8 |
_version_ |
1766289052165734400 |