Currently used pesticides and their mixtures : what are the risks to non-target aquatic organisms? Laboratory and in situ approaches.

• Main Author: Rozmankova, Eliška
• Other Authors: Bordeaux, Masarykova univerzita (Brno, République tchèque), Gonzalez, Patrice, Bláha, Luděk
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2020
• Subjects: Ecotoxicité; Effet sublétal; Huître creuse; Pesticide; Poisson zèbre; Stades embryo-Larvaires; Ecotoxicity; Embryo-Larval stages; Pacific oyster; Sublethal effect; Zebrafish; envir; socio; Pacific
• Online Access: http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0301/document

Pesticides have enabled humankind to protect its crops from pests, intensifying thus the crop yields to sustain the growing population. However, pesticides often end up in aquatic water bodies, e.g. via field runoff, where they may harm non-target organisms. The environmental concentrations of pesticides are often considered safe for aquatic ecosystems although they might induce sublethal changes in exposed organisms. Moreover, the organisms are generally not dealing with only one pesticide issued from a nearby field but with a complex mixture of various chemical compounds, interacting amongst themselves, and creating a toxic cocktail with unknown and hardly predictable impacts. These compounds, each with different environmental fate, eventually degrade and form more or less toxic and persistent metabolites aggravating the complexity of the mixtures.This dissertation thesis summarizes the state-of-the-art in pesticide mixture toxicity research and is composed of five research articles dealing with sublethal effects of selected pesticides on non-target aquatic species. Vulnerable embryo-larval stages of two model organisms: freshwater zebrafish (Danio rerio) and euryhaline bivalve Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas) were used to assess the sublethal toxicity of especially environmental concentrations (detected in selected European water bodies) of commonly used herbicide S metolachlor with its two metabolites metolachlor oxanilic acid and metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid, insecticide imidacloprid, and fungicide propiconazole, alone and in a mixture. A complementary in situ approach was carried out to evaluate a real impact on early-life stages of the Pacific oyster in Arcachon Bay in France, a final recipient of various substances including pesticides from respective watersheds.First, zebrafish embryo-larval stages were observed to be highly sensitive to environmentally relevant concentrations of propiconazole and to a lesser extent also to imidacloprid. In contrast, S-metolachlor and its metabolites had almost no ...