Glacier Changes in Iceland From ∼1890 to 2019
International audience The volume of glaciers in Iceland (∼3,400 k m 3 in 2019) corresponds to about 9 mm of potential global sea level rise. In this study, observations from 98.7% of glacier covered areas in Iceland (in 2019) are used to construct a record of mass change of Icelandic glaciers since...
Published in: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
HAL CCSD
2020
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.523646 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03361160/file/Adalgeirsdottir_et_al_Frontiers_2020.pdf https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03361160 |
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fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:10670/1.8dyjfk |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Unknown |
op_collection_id |
fttriple |
language |
English |
topic |
mass balance glaciers climate Iceland glacier-climate relationship geo envir |
spellingShingle |
mass balance glaciers climate Iceland glacier-climate relationship geo envir Aðalgeirsdóttir, Guðfinna Magnússon, Eyjólfur Pálsson, Finnur Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn Belart, Joaquín, Jóhannesson, Tómas Hannesdóttir, Hrafnhildur Sigurðsson, Oddur Gunnarsson, Andri Einarsson, Bergur Berthier, Etienne Schmidt, Louise Steffensen Haraldsson, Hannes, Björnsson, Helgi Glacier Changes in Iceland From ∼1890 to 2019 |
topic_facet |
mass balance glaciers climate Iceland glacier-climate relationship geo envir |
description |
International audience The volume of glaciers in Iceland (∼3,400 k m 3 in 2019) corresponds to about 9 mm of potential global sea level rise. In this study, observations from 98.7% of glacier covered areas in Iceland (in 2019) are used to construct a record of mass change of Icelandic glaciers since the end of the 19th century i.e. the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) in Iceland. Glaciological ( in situ ) mass-balance measurements have been conducted on Vatnajökull, Langjökull, and Hofsjökull since the glaciological years 1991/92, 1996/97, and 1987/88, respectively. Geodetic mass balance for multiple glaciers and many periods has been estimated from reconstructed surface maps, published maps, aerial photographs, declassified spy satellite images, modern satellite stereo imagery, and airborne lidar. To estimate the maximum glacier volume at the end of the LIA, a volume–area scaling method is used based on the observed area and volume from the three largest ice caps (over 90% of total ice mass) at 5–7 different times each, in total 19 points. The combined record shows a total mass change of −540 ± 130 Gt (−4.2 ± 1.0 Gt a − 1 on average) during the study period (1890/91 to 2018/19). This mass loss corresponds to 1.50 ± 0.36 mm sea level equivalent or 16 ± 4% of mass stored in Icelandic glaciers around 1890. Almost half of the total mass change occurred in 1994/95 to 2018/19, or −240 ± 20 Gt (−9.6 ± 0.8 Gt a − 1 on average), with most rapid loss in 1994/95 to 2009/10 (mass change rate −11.6 ± 0.8 Gt a − 1 ). During the relatively warm period 1930/31–1949/50, mass loss rates were probably close to those observed since 1994, and in the colder period 1980/81–1993/94, the glaciers gained mass at a rate of 1.5 ± 1.0 Gt a − 1 . For other periods of this study, the glaciers were either close to equilibrium or experienced mild loss rates. For the periods of AR6 IPCC, the mass change rates are −3.1 ± 1.1 Gt a − 1 for 1900/01–1989/90, −4.3 ± 1.0 Gt a − 1 for 1970/71–2017/18, −8.3 ± 0.8 Gt a − 1 for 1992/93–2017/18, and −7.6 ± ... |
author2 |
University of Iceland Reykjavik Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Aðalgeirsdóttir, Guðfinna Magnússon, Eyjólfur Pálsson, Finnur Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn Belart, Joaquín, Jóhannesson, Tómas Hannesdóttir, Hrafnhildur Sigurðsson, Oddur Gunnarsson, Andri Einarsson, Bergur Berthier, Etienne Schmidt, Louise Steffensen Haraldsson, Hannes, Björnsson, Helgi |
author_facet |
Aðalgeirsdóttir, Guðfinna Magnússon, Eyjólfur Pálsson, Finnur Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn Belart, Joaquín, Jóhannesson, Tómas Hannesdóttir, Hrafnhildur Sigurðsson, Oddur Gunnarsson, Andri Einarsson, Bergur Berthier, Etienne Schmidt, Louise Steffensen Haraldsson, Hannes, Björnsson, Helgi |
author_sort |
Aðalgeirsdóttir, Guðfinna |
title |
Glacier Changes in Iceland From ∼1890 to 2019 |
title_short |
Glacier Changes in Iceland From ∼1890 to 2019 |
title_full |
Glacier Changes in Iceland From ∼1890 to 2019 |
title_fullStr |
Glacier Changes in Iceland From ∼1890 to 2019 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Glacier Changes in Iceland From ∼1890 to 2019 |
title_sort |
glacier changes in iceland from ∼1890 to 2019 |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.523646 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03361160/file/Adalgeirsdottir_et_al_Frontiers_2020.pdf https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03361160 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-20.145,-20.145,64.654,64.654) ENVELOPE(-16.823,-16.823,64.420,64.420) |
geographic |
Langjökull Vatnajökull |
geographic_facet |
Langjökull Vatnajökull |
genre |
glacier Hofsjökull Iceland Langjökull Vatnajökull |
genre_facet |
glacier Hofsjökull Iceland Langjökull Vatnajökull |
op_source |
Hyper Article en Ligne - Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société ISSN: 2296-6463 Frontiers in Earth Science Frontiers in Earth Science, Frontiers Media, 2020, 8, pp.523646. ⟨10.3389/feart.2020.523646⟩ |
op_relation |
hal-03361160 doi:10.3389/feart.2020.523646 10670/1.8dyjfk https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03361160/file/Adalgeirsdottir_et_al_Frontiers_2020.pdf https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03361160 |
op_rights |
other |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.523646 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
container_volume |
8 |
_version_ |
1766009640883060736 |
spelling |
fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:10670/1.8dyjfk 2023-05-15T16:21:38+02:00 Glacier Changes in Iceland From ∼1890 to 2019 Aðalgeirsdóttir, Guðfinna Magnússon, Eyjólfur Pálsson, Finnur Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn Belart, Joaquín, Jóhannesson, Tómas Hannesdóttir, Hrafnhildur Sigurðsson, Oddur Gunnarsson, Andri Einarsson, Bergur Berthier, Etienne Schmidt, Louise Steffensen Haraldsson, Hannes, Björnsson, Helgi University of Iceland Reykjavik Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 2020-01-01 https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.523646 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03361160/file/Adalgeirsdottir_et_al_Frontiers_2020.pdf https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03361160 en eng HAL CCSD Frontiers Media hal-03361160 doi:10.3389/feart.2020.523646 10670/1.8dyjfk https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03361160/file/Adalgeirsdottir_et_al_Frontiers_2020.pdf https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03361160 other Hyper Article en Ligne - Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société ISSN: 2296-6463 Frontiers in Earth Science Frontiers in Earth Science, Frontiers Media, 2020, 8, pp.523646. ⟨10.3389/feart.2020.523646⟩ mass balance glaciers climate Iceland glacier-climate relationship geo envir Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2020 fttriple https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.523646 2023-01-22T17:05:51Z International audience The volume of glaciers in Iceland (∼3,400 k m 3 in 2019) corresponds to about 9 mm of potential global sea level rise. In this study, observations from 98.7% of glacier covered areas in Iceland (in 2019) are used to construct a record of mass change of Icelandic glaciers since the end of the 19th century i.e. the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) in Iceland. Glaciological ( in situ ) mass-balance measurements have been conducted on Vatnajökull, Langjökull, and Hofsjökull since the glaciological years 1991/92, 1996/97, and 1987/88, respectively. Geodetic mass balance for multiple glaciers and many periods has been estimated from reconstructed surface maps, published maps, aerial photographs, declassified spy satellite images, modern satellite stereo imagery, and airborne lidar. To estimate the maximum glacier volume at the end of the LIA, a volume–area scaling method is used based on the observed area and volume from the three largest ice caps (over 90% of total ice mass) at 5–7 different times each, in total 19 points. The combined record shows a total mass change of −540 ± 130 Gt (−4.2 ± 1.0 Gt a − 1 on average) during the study period (1890/91 to 2018/19). This mass loss corresponds to 1.50 ± 0.36 mm sea level equivalent or 16 ± 4% of mass stored in Icelandic glaciers around 1890. Almost half of the total mass change occurred in 1994/95 to 2018/19, or −240 ± 20 Gt (−9.6 ± 0.8 Gt a − 1 on average), with most rapid loss in 1994/95 to 2009/10 (mass change rate −11.6 ± 0.8 Gt a − 1 ). During the relatively warm period 1930/31–1949/50, mass loss rates were probably close to those observed since 1994, and in the colder period 1980/81–1993/94, the glaciers gained mass at a rate of 1.5 ± 1.0 Gt a − 1 . For other periods of this study, the glaciers were either close to equilibrium or experienced mild loss rates. For the periods of AR6 IPCC, the mass change rates are −3.1 ± 1.1 Gt a − 1 for 1900/01–1989/90, −4.3 ± 1.0 Gt a − 1 for 1970/71–2017/18, −8.3 ± 0.8 Gt a − 1 for 1992/93–2017/18, and −7.6 ± ... Article in Journal/Newspaper glacier Hofsjökull Iceland Langjökull Vatnajökull Unknown Langjökull ENVELOPE(-20.145,-20.145,64.654,64.654) Vatnajökull ENVELOPE(-16.823,-16.823,64.420,64.420) Frontiers in Earth Science 8 |