Pathogenesis of Vibrio aestuarianus, a bacterium affecting the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

• Main Author: Parizadeh, Leila
• Other Authors: La Rochelle, Travers, Marie-Agnès
• Format: Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: 2018
• Subjects: Huître creuse; C. gigas; V. aestuarianus; Pathogenèse; Cycle d'infectieux; Virulence bactérienne; Régulation de l’expression des gènes; Cupped oysters; Pathogenesis; Infectious cycle; Bacterial virulence; Regulation of gene expression; geo; envir; Pacific; Crassostrea gigas; Pacific oyster
• Online Access: http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS027

Oyster-farming in France is mainly based on pacific cupped oysters, Crassostrea gigas culture. Currently, oyster culture is confronted by several abnormal episodes of mass mortality affecting all life stages. These outbeaks involve, among other factors, infectious agents including bacteria of the genus Vibrio. In France, since 2000, V. aestuarianus is known as a bacterium that impacts the survival of C. gigas. Since 2011, its detection frequency in adult oyster mortalities cases reported by REPAMO network (REseau de PAthologie des Mollusques), is constantly increasing. In this context, to study V. aestuarianus disease development in C. gigas, an experimental infection model based on immersion in sea water containing freshly shed bacteria was developed. By monitoring the presence of strain 12/016 (virulent strain) and its mutant 12/016 ΔvarS (non-virulent strain) in the seawater, in the different tissues and in the haemolymph of live and moribund animals, we showed that the infectious cycle consists of several successive phases: I) rapid penetration of the bacterium into the host (less than 24 hours) and initial colonization of the haemolymph and gills, II) 3-4 days of incubation during which the virulent strain multiplies in whole oyster tissues and III) acute mortalities (animal death due to septicemia). At this stage, recruitment and haemocyte lysis as well as different tissue lesions such as lysis of the sub-epithelial connective tissue in the mantle and atrophy of digestive diverticula were observed. On the other hand, relative expression of 18 virulence genes (known in other Vibrion) were analyzed by RT-QPCR. Virulence factors are regulated differently during different stages of infection and vam metalloprotease is significantly over-expressed in the haemolymph of infected animals at day 4 post infection (intermediate stage of infection) compared to its level of expression at day 1 post infection (early stage). L’ostréiculture française repose essentiellement sur l’élevage de l’huître creuse, Crassostrea ...