Representation of Southern Ocean Properties across Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Generations: CMIP3 to CMIP6
International audience The air–sea exchange of heat and carbon in the Southern Ocean (SO) plays an important role in mediating the climate state. The dominant role the SO plays in storing anthropogenic heat and carbon is a direct consequence of the unique and complex ocean circulation that exists th...
Published in: | Journal of Climate |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2020
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0970.1 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03045644/file/Representation_of_Southern_Ocean_Properties_across.pdf https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03045644 |
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English |
topic |
geo envir |
spellingShingle |
geo envir Beadling, Rebecca, Russell, J., Stouffer, R., Mazloff, M. Talley, L. Goodman, P., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste Hewitt, H., Hyder, P. Pandde, Amarjiit Representation of Southern Ocean Properties across Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Generations: CMIP3 to CMIP6 |
topic_facet |
geo envir |
description |
International audience The air–sea exchange of heat and carbon in the Southern Ocean (SO) plays an important role in mediating the climate state. The dominant role the SO plays in storing anthropogenic heat and carbon is a direct consequence of the unique and complex ocean circulation that exists there. Previous generations of climate models have struggled to accurately represent key SO properties and processes that influence the large-scale ocean circulation. This has resulted in low confidence ascribed to twenty-first-century projections of the state of the SO from previous generations of models. This analysis provides a detailed assessment of the ability of models contributed to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to represent important observationally based SO properties. Additionally, a comprehensive overview of CMIP6 performance relative to CMIP3 and CMIP5 is presented. CMIP6 models show improved performance in the surface wind stress forcing, simulating stronger and less equatorward-biased wind fields, translating into an improved representation of the Ekman upwelling over the Drake Passage latitudes. An increased number of models simulate an Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) transport within observational uncertainty relative to previous generations; however, several models exhibit extremely weak transports. Generally, the upper SO remains biased warm and fresh relative to observations, and Antarctic sea ice extent remains poorly represented. While generational improvement is found in many metrics, persistent systematic biases are highlighted that should be a priority during model development. These biases need to be considered when interpreting projected trends or biogeochemical properties in this region. |
author2 |
Department of Geosciences Tucson University of Arizona Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) University of California San Diego (UC San Diego) University of California-University of California Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU) Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC) United Kingdom Met Office Exeter |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Beadling, Rebecca, Russell, J., Stouffer, R., Mazloff, M. Talley, L. Goodman, P., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste Hewitt, H., Hyder, P. Pandde, Amarjiit |
author_facet |
Beadling, Rebecca, Russell, J., Stouffer, R., Mazloff, M. Talley, L. Goodman, P., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste Hewitt, H., Hyder, P. Pandde, Amarjiit |
author_sort |
Beadling, Rebecca, |
title |
Representation of Southern Ocean Properties across Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Generations: CMIP3 to CMIP6 |
title_short |
Representation of Southern Ocean Properties across Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Generations: CMIP3 to CMIP6 |
title_full |
Representation of Southern Ocean Properties across Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Generations: CMIP3 to CMIP6 |
title_fullStr |
Representation of Southern Ocean Properties across Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Generations: CMIP3 to CMIP6 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Representation of Southern Ocean Properties across Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Generations: CMIP3 to CMIP6 |
title_sort |
representation of southern ocean properties across coupled model intercomparison project generations: cmip3 to cmip6 |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0970.1 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03045644/file/Representation_of_Southern_Ocean_Properties_across.pdf https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03045644 |
geographic |
Antarctic Drake Passage Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Drake Passage Southern Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Drake Passage Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Drake Passage Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Hyper Article en Ligne - Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société ISSN: 0894-8755 EISSN: 1520-0442 Journal of Climate Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, 2020, 33 (15), pp.6555-6581. ⟨10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0970.1⟩ |
op_relation |
hal-03045644 doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0970.1 WOS: 000615097400014 10670/1.5zn053 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03045644/file/Representation_of_Southern_Ocean_Properties_across.pdf https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03045644 |
op_rights |
other |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0970.1 |
container_title |
Journal of Climate |
container_volume |
33 |
container_issue |
15 |
container_start_page |
6555 |
op_container_end_page |
6581 |
_version_ |
1766271898904166400 |
spelling |
fttriple:oai:gotriple.eu:10670/1.5zn053 2023-05-15T14:01:51+02:00 Representation of Southern Ocean Properties across Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Generations: CMIP3 to CMIP6 Beadling, Rebecca, Russell, J., Stouffer, R., Mazloff, M. Talley, L. Goodman, P., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste Hewitt, H., Hyder, P. Pandde, Amarjiit Department of Geosciences Tucson University of Arizona Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) University of California San Diego (UC San Diego) University of California-University of California Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU) Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC) United Kingdom Met Office Exeter 2020-08-01 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0970.1 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03045644/file/Representation_of_Southern_Ocean_Properties_across.pdf https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03045644 en eng HAL CCSD American Meteorological Society hal-03045644 doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0970.1 WOS: 000615097400014 10670/1.5zn053 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03045644/file/Representation_of_Southern_Ocean_Properties_across.pdf https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03045644 other Hyper Article en Ligne - Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société ISSN: 0894-8755 EISSN: 1520-0442 Journal of Climate Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, 2020, 33 (15), pp.6555-6581. ⟨10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0970.1⟩ geo envir Journal Article https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/c_6501/ 2020 fttriple https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0970.1 2023-01-22T18:13:37Z International audience The air–sea exchange of heat and carbon in the Southern Ocean (SO) plays an important role in mediating the climate state. The dominant role the SO plays in storing anthropogenic heat and carbon is a direct consequence of the unique and complex ocean circulation that exists there. Previous generations of climate models have struggled to accurately represent key SO properties and processes that influence the large-scale ocean circulation. This has resulted in low confidence ascribed to twenty-first-century projections of the state of the SO from previous generations of models. This analysis provides a detailed assessment of the ability of models contributed to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to represent important observationally based SO properties. Additionally, a comprehensive overview of CMIP6 performance relative to CMIP3 and CMIP5 is presented. CMIP6 models show improved performance in the surface wind stress forcing, simulating stronger and less equatorward-biased wind fields, translating into an improved representation of the Ekman upwelling over the Drake Passage latitudes. An increased number of models simulate an Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) transport within observational uncertainty relative to previous generations; however, several models exhibit extremely weak transports. Generally, the upper SO remains biased warm and fresh relative to observations, and Antarctic sea ice extent remains poorly represented. While generational improvement is found in many metrics, persistent systematic biases are highlighted that should be a priority during model development. These biases need to be considered when interpreting projected trends or biogeochemical properties in this region. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Drake Passage Sea ice Southern Ocean Unknown Antarctic Drake Passage Southern Ocean Journal of Climate 33 15 6555 6581 |