Security analysis of system code using static typing

• Main Author: Millon, Etienne
• Other Authors: Paris 6, Chailloux, Emmanuel
• Format: Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: 2014
• Subjects: Sécurité; Typage; Isolation; Linux; Pointeurs utilisateur; Mémoire; Typing; Security; socio; eco; The Pointers
• Online Access: http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066120/document

Operating system kernels need to manipulate data that comes from user programs through system calls. If it is done in an incautious manner, a security vulnerability known as the Confused Deputy Problem can lead to information disclosure or privilege escalation. The goal of this thesis is to use static typing to detect the dangerous uses of pointers that are controlled by userspace. Most operating systems are written in the C language. We start by isolating Safespeak, a safe subset of it. Its operational semantics as well as a type system are described, and the classic properties of type safety are established. Memory states are manipulated using bidirectional lenses, which can encode partial updates to states and variables. A first analysis is described, that identifies integers used as bitmasks, which are a common source of bugs in C programs. Then, we add to Safespeak the notion of pointers coming from userspace. This breaks type safety, but it is possible to get it back by assigning a different type to the pointers that are controlled by userspace. This distinction forces their dereferencing to be done in a controlled fashion. This technique makes it possible to detect two bugs in the Linux kernel: the first one is in a video driver for an AMD video card, and the second one in the ptrace system call for the Blackfin architecture. Les noyaux de systèmes d'exploitation manipulent des données fournies par les programmes utilisateur via les appels système. Si elles sont manipulées sans prendre une attention particulière, une faille de sécurité connue sous le nom de Confused Deputy Problem peut amener à des fuites de données confidentielles ou l'élévation de privilèges d'un attaquant. Le but de cette thèse est d'utiliser des techniques de typage statique afin de détecter les manipulations dangereuses de pointeurs contrôlés par l'espace utilisateur. La plupart des systèmes d'exploitation sont écrits dans le langage C. On commence par en isoler un sous-langage sûr nommé Safespeak. Sa sémantique opérationnelle et ...