Mosquitoes of the Greater East region : biodiversity and vector competence for zoonotic arboviruses

• Main Author: Martinet, Jean-Philippe
• Other Authors: Reims, Depaquit, Jérôme, Ferte, Hubert
• Format: Thesis
• Language: French
• Published: 2021
• Subjects: Moustiques; Compétence vectorielle; Géomorphométrie alaire; Virus du Nil occidental; Virus Usutu; Mosquitoes; Vector competence; Wing Geometric Morphometrics; West-Nile virus; Usutu virus; envir; geo; Strix nebulosa
• Online Access: http://www.theses.fr/2021REIMP203/document

Since the 1960s, metropolitan France has undergone the emergence and re-emergence of the Usutu (USUV) and West-Nile (WNV) viruses. These arboviruses (Arthropod Borne viruses) circulate between avian populations reservoir and their vector (mosquito belonging to the Culex genus). In France, WNV has experienced several emergences, with accelerated frequency since the 2000s. To date, the circulation of this virus is limited to the south of France, extending from its historic area located in the region of Camargue. Regularly, human cases are detected. Its Culex pipiens vector is ubiquitous in France. The Usutu virus emerged in metropolitan France in 2015, causing episodes of bird mortality in sensitive species such as blackbird (Turdus merula) or the great gray owl (Strix nebulosa). Usutu quickly spread across metropolitan territory, affecting bird populations resident of the Grand-Est region. In this context, we carried out inventory work on mosquitoes in the region in order to update the presence data. In order to improve the responsiveness of the sampling in the event of an emergence in the region, we applied identification techniques known as Wing Geometric Morphometrics (WGM) to our samples. This technique has proven to be reliable in classifying mosquito species. We reviewed all the experimental infections performed on mosquito populations originating from Western Europe. Finally, we tested the vector competence of three endemic mosquito species in the Grand-Est region for WNV and USUV (Aedes rusticus, Anopheles plumbeus and Culex pipiens). The data acquired by these experiments may allow better preparation and better management of a hypothetical emergence of WNV or USUV in the Grand-Est region in the future. Depuis les années 1960, la France métropolitaine a subi des émergences et des réémergences des virus Usutu (USUV) et West-Nile (WNV). Ces arbovirus (Arthropod Borne viruses) ont pour réservoir les populations aviaires et sont transmises par un moustique vecteur du genre Culex. En France, le WNV a connu ...