Late Quaternary Vegetation History of Northern North America Based on Pollen, Macrofossil, and Faunal Remains

• Published in: Géographie physique et Quaternaire
• Main Author: Dyke, Arthur S.
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal 2005
• Subjects: geo; envir; Ice Sheet
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.7202/014755ar; http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/014755ar

Biome maps spanning the interval from the last glacial maximum to modern times are presented. The biome distributions at 18 ka BP were probably as nearly in equilibrium with climate as are the modern distributions, but deglacial biomes were probably in disequilibrium. Ice sheet configuration was a strong control of climate until 7 ka BP. Regional climate trends can be inferred from changing biome distributions, but during periods of disequilibrium, biome distributions under-represent summer warming. Because of summer cooling by 2-4 °C during the Holocene, largely in the last 3-5 ka, middle and certain early Holocene biome distributions and species compositions are reasonable analogues of future equilibrium displacements due to equivalent warming, at least in areas that were long-since deglaciated. Past biome migration rates in response to rapid regional warming during deglaciation were mainly in the range of 100-200 m per year. If these rates pertain in the future, biomes may shift 10-20 km in most regions over the next century. A major impediment to using former Holocene conditions as a guide to future conditions is that warmer Holocene summers were accompanied by colder winters, whereas warmer future summers will be accompanied by warmer winters. Les cartes des biomes établies entre le dernier maximum glaciaire et les temps modernes sont présentées. La répartition des biomes en 18 ka BP était probablement en équilibre avec le climat comme les distributions modernes, mais les biomes durant la déglaciation étaient probablement en déséquilibre. La configuration de la calotte glaciaire exerçait un fort contrôle sur le climat jusque vers 7 ka BP. Les tendances climatiques régionales peuvent être estimées à partir des changements observés dans la répartition des biomes, mais en période de déséquilibre leur distribution sous-représente le réchauffement estival. À cause du refroidissement estival de 2 à 4 °C durant l’Holocène, depuis les derniers 3 à 5 ka, la distribution des biomes au cours de l’Holocène moyen et ...