The Energy Spectrum of Atmospheric Neutrinos between 2 and 200 TeV with the AMANDA-II Detector

• Published in: Astroparticle Physics
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2011
• Subjects: atmospheric neutrinos; unfolding; neural net; AMANDA; Cherenkov radiation; Alabama; Anchorage; Bertrand; Canada; Christchurch; Diaz; Filimonov; Finley; Goodman; Hulth; Keble; Kohnen; Morse; New Zealand; Nygren; Perez; Sullivan; Alaska; morse
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/2262/61326; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2010.05.001

Abstract The muon and anti-muon neutrino energy spectrum is determined from 2000-2003 AMANDA telescope data using regularised unfolding. This is the first measurement of atmospheric neutrinos in the energy range 2 - 200 TeV. The result is compared to different atmospheric neutrino models and it is compatible with the atmospheric neutrinos from pion and kaon decays. No significant contribution from charm hadron decays or extraterrestrial neutrinos is detected. The capabilities to improve the measurement of the neutrino spectrum with the successor experiment IceCube are discussed. correspondence: Corresponding author. (Becker, J.K.) [e-mail] (Becker, J.K.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Abbasi, R.) Dept. of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, University of Gent - B-9000 Gent--> - BELGIUM (Abdou, Y.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - River Falls--> , WI 54022--> - UNITED STATES (Abu-Zayyad, T.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury - Private Bag 4800--> , Christchurch--> - NEW ZEALAND (Adams, J.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Aguilar, J.A.) Dept. of Physics, University of Oxford - 1 Keble Road--> , Oxford OX1 3NP--> - UNITED KINGDOM (Ahlers, M.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Andeen, K.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wuppertal - D-42119 Wuppertal--> - GERMANY (Auffenberg, J.) Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware - Newark--> , DE 19716--> - UNITED STATES (Bai, X.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Baker, M.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of California - Irvine--> , CA 92697--> - UNITED STATES (Barwick, S.W.) Dept. of Physics, University of California - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Bay, R.) DESY--> , D-15735 Zeuthen--> - GERMANY (Alba, J.L. Bazo) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Beattie, K.) Dept. of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University - Columbus--> , OH 43210--> - UNITED STATES (Beatty, J.J.) Dept. of Astronomy, Ohio State University - Columbus--> , OH 43210--> - UNITED STATES (Beatty, J.J.) Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230 - B-1050 Brussels--> - BELGIUM (Bechet, S.) Fakultat fur Physik & Astronomie--> , Ruhr-Universitat Bochum--> , D-44780 Bochum--> - GERMANY (Becker, J.K.) GERMANY (Becker, J.K.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wuppertal - D-42119 Wuppertal--> - GERMANY (Becker, K.-H.) DESY--> , D-15735 Zeuthen--> - GERMANY (Benabderrahmane, M.L.) DESY--> , D-15735 Zeuthen--> - GERMANY (Berdermann, J.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Berghaus, P.) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park - MD 20742--> - UNITED STATES (Berley, D.) DESY--> , D-15735 Zeuthen--> - GERMANY (Bernardini, E.) Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230 - B-1050 Brussels--> - BELGIUM (Bertrand, D.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas - Lawrence--> , KS 66045--> - UNITED STATES (Besson, D.Z.) III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University - D-52056 Aachen--> - GERMANY (Bissok, M.) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park - MD 20742--> - UNITED STATES (Blaufuss, E.) III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University - D-52056 Aachen--> - GERMANY (Boersma, D.J.) Oskar Klein Centre and Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University - SE-10691 Stockholm--> - SWEDEN (Bohm, C.) Physikalisches Institut, Universitat Bonn - Nussallee 12--> , D-53115 Bonn--> - GERMANY (Boser, S.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University - Box 516--> , S-75120 Uppsala--> - SWEDEN (Botner, O.) Dept. of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park - PA 16802--> - UNITED STATES (Bradley, L.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Braun, J.) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Buitink, S.) Dept. of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, University of Gent - B-9000 Gent--> - BELGIUM (Carson, M.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Chirkin, D.) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park - MD 20742--> - UNITED STATES (Christy, B.) Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware - Newark--> , DE 19716--> - UNITED STATES (Clem, J.) Dept. of Physics, TU Dortmund University - D-44221 Dortmund--> - GERMANY (Clevermann, F.) Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale - CH-1015 Lausanne--> - SWITZERLAND (Cohen, S.) Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik - D-69177 Heidelberg--> - GERMANY (Colnard, C.) Dept. of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park - PA 16802--> - UNITED STATES (Cowen, D.F.) Dept. of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park - PA 16802--> - UNITED STATES (Cowen, D.F.) Dept. of Physics, University of California - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (D?Agostino, M.V.) Oskar Klein Centre and Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University - SE-10691 Stockholm--> - SWEDEN (Danninger, M.) Vrije Universiteit Brussel - Dienst ELEM--> , B-1050 Brussels--> - BELGIUM (De Clercq, C.) Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale - CH-1015 Lausanne--> - SWITZERLAND (Demirors, L.) Vrije Universiteit Brussel - Dienst ELEM--> , B-1050 Brussels--> - BELGIUM (Depaepe, O.) Dept. of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, University of Gent - B-9000 Gent--> - BELGIUM (Descamps, F.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Desiati, P.) Dept. of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, University of Gent - B-9000 Gent--> - BELGIUM (de Vries-Uiterweerd, G.) Dept. of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park - PA 16802--> - UNITED STATES (DeYoung, T.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Diaz-Velez, J.C.) Fakultat fur Physik & Astronomie--> , Ruhr-Universitat Bochum--> , D-44780 Bochum--> - GERMANY (Dreyer, J.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Dumm, J.P.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Utrecht University/SRON - NL-3584 CC Utrecht--> - NETHERLANDS (Duvoort, M.R.) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park - MD 20742--> - UNITED STATES (Ehrlich, R.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Eisch, J.) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park - MD 20742--> - UNITED STATES (Ellsworth, R.W.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University - Box 516--> , S-75120 Uppsala--> - SWEDEN (Engdeg?rd, O.) III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University - D-52056 Aachen--> - GERMANY (Euler, S.) Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware - Newark--> , DE 19716--> - UNITED STATES (Evenson, P.A.) CTSPS--> , Clark-Atlanta University--> , Atlanta--> , GA 30314--> - UNITED STATES (Fadiran, O.) Dept. of Physics, Southern University - Baton Rouge--> , LA 70813--> - UNITED STATES (Fazely, A.R.) Fakultat fur Physik & Astronomie--> , Ruhr-Universitat Bochum--> , D-44780 Bochum--> - GERMANY (Fedynitch, A.) Dept. of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, University of Gent - B-9000 Gent--> - BELGIUM (Feusels, T.) Dept. of Physics, University of California - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Filimonov, K.) Oskar Klein Centre and Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University - SE-10691 Stockholm--> - SWEDEN (Finley, C.) Dept. of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park - PA 16802--> - UNITED STATES (Foerster, M.M.) Dept. of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park - PA 16802--> - UNITED STATES (Fox, B.D.) Institut fur Physik, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin - D-12489 Berlin--> - GERMANY (Franckowiak, A.) DESY--> , D-15735 Zeuthen--> - GERMANY (Franke, R.) Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware - Newark--> , DE 19716--> - UNITED STATES (Gaisser, T.K.) Dept. of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Gallagher, J.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Ganugapati, R.) III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University - D-52056 Aachen--> - GERMANY (Geisler, M.) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Gerhardt, L.) Dept. of Physics, University of California - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Gerhardt, L.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Gladstone, L.) III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University - D-52056 Aachen--> - GERMANY (Glusenkamp, T.) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Goldschmidt, A.) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park - MD 20742--> - UNITED STATES (Goodman, J.A.) Dept. of Physics, University of Alberta - Edmonton--> , Alberta--> , Canada T6G 2G7--> - (Grant, D.) Institute of Physics, University of Mainz - Staudinger Weg 7--> , D-55099 Mainz--> - GERMANY (Griesel, T.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury - Private Bag 4800--> , Christchurch--> - NEW ZEALAND (Gro?, A.) Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik - D-69177 Heidelberg--> - GERMANY (Gro?, A.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Grullon, S.) Dept. of Physics, Southern University - Baton Rouge--> , LA 70813--> - UNITED STATES (Gunasingha, R.M.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wuppertal - D-42119 Wuppertal--> - GERMANY (Gurtner, M.) Dept. of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park - PA 16802--> - UNITED STATES (Ha, C.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University - Box 516--> , S-75120 Uppsala--> - SWEDEN (Hallgren, A.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Halzen, F.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury - Private Bag 4800--> , Christchurch--> - NEW ZEALAND (Han, K.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Hanson, K.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wuppertal - D-42119 Wuppertal--> - GERMANY (Helbing, K.) Universite de Mons - 7000 Mons--> - BELGIUM (Herquet, P.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury - Private Bag 4800--> , Christchurch--> - NEW ZEALAND (Hickford, S.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Hill, G.C.) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park - MD 20742--> - UNITED STATES (Hoffman, K.D.) Institut fur Physik, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin - D-12489 Berlin--> - GERMANY (Homeier, A.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Hoshina, K.) Vrije Universiteit Brussel - Dienst ELEM--> , B-1050 Brussels--> - BELGIUM (Hubert, D.) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park - MD 20742--> - UNITED STATES (Huelsnitz, W.) III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University - D-52056 Aachen--> - GERMANY (Hul?, J.-P.) Oskar Klein Centre and Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University - SE-10691 Stockholm--> - SWEDEN (Hulth, P.O.) Oskar Klein Centre and Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University - SE-10691 Stockholm--> - SWEDEN (Hultqvist, K.) Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware - Newark--> , DE 19716--> - UNITED STATES (Hussain, S.) Dept. of Physics, Southern University - Baton Rouge--> , LA 70813--> - UNITED STATES (Imlay, R.L.) Dept. of Physics, Chiba University - Chiba 263-8522--> - JAPAN (Ishihara, A.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Jacobsen, J.) CTSPS--> , Clark-Atlanta University--> , Atlanta--> , GA 30314--> - UNITED STATES (Japaridze, G.S.) Oskar Klein Centre and Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University - SE-10691 Stockholm--> - SWEDEN (Johansson, H.) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Joseph, J.M.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wuppertal - D-42119 Wuppertal--> - GERMANY (Kampert, K.-H.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Kappes, A.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wuppertal - D-42119 Wuppertal--> - GERMANY (Karg, T.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Karle, A.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Kelley, J.L.) Institut fur Physik, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin - D-12489 Berlin--> - GERMANY (Kemming, N.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas - Lawrence--> , KS 66045--> - UNITED STATES (Kenny, P.) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Kiryluk, J.) Dept. of Physics, University of California - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Kiryluk, J.) DESY--> , D-15735 Zeuthen--> - GERMANY (Kislat, F.) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Klein, S.R.) Dept. of Physics, University of California - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Klein, S.R.) III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University - D-52056 Aachen--> - GERMANY (Knops, S.) Dept. of Physics, TU Dortmund University - D-44221 Dortmund--> - GERMANY (Kohne, J.-H.) Universite de Mons - 7000 Mons--> - BELGIUM (Kohnen, G.) Institut fur Physik, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin - D-12489 Berlin--> - GERMANY (Kolanoski, H.) Institute of Physics, University of Mainz - Staudinger Weg 7--> , D-55099 Mainz--> - GERMANY (Kopke, L.) Dept. of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park - PA 16802--> - UNITED STATES (Koskinen, D.J.) Physikalisches Institut, Universitat Bonn - Nussallee 12--> , D-53115 Bonn--> - GERMANY (Kowalski, M.) Institute of Physics, University of Mainz - Staudinger Weg 7--> , D-55099 Mainz--> - GERMANY (Kowarik, T.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Krasberg, M.) III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University - D-52056 Aachen--> - GERMANY (Krings, T.) Institute of Physics, University of Mainz - Staudinger Weg 7--> , D-55099 Mainz--> - GERMANY (Kroll, G.) Dept. of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University - Columbus--> , OH 43210--> - UNITED STATES (Kuehn, K.) Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware - Newark--> , DE 19716--> - UNITED STATES (Kuwabara, T.) Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230 - B-1050 Brussels--> - BELGIUM (Labare, M.) Dept. of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park - PA 16802--> - UNITED STATES (Lafebre, S.) III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University - D-52056 Aachen--> - GERMANY (Laihem, K.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Landsman, H.) DESY--> , D-15735 Zeuthen--> - GERMANY (Lauer, R.) Institut fur Physik, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin - D-12489 Berlin--> - GERMANY (Lehmann, R.) III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University - D-52056 Aachen--> - GERMANY (Lennarz, D.) Institute of Physics, University of Mainz - Staudinger Weg 7--> , D-55099 Mainz--> - GERMANY (Lunemann, J.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - River Falls--> , WI 54022--> - UNITED STATES (Madsen, J.) DESY--> , D-15735 Zeuthen--> - GERMANY (Majumdar, P.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Maruyama, R.) Dept. of Physics, Chiba University - Chiba 263-8522--> - JAPAN (Mase, K.) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Matis, H.S.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wuppertal - D-42119 Wuppertal--> - GERMANY (Matusik, M.) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park - MD 20742--> - UNITED STATES (Meagher, K.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Merck, M.) Dept. of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park - PA 16802--> - UNITED STATES (Meszaros, P.) Dept. of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park - PA 16802--> - UNITED STATES (Meszaros, P.) III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University - D-52056 Aachen--> - GERMANY (Meures, T.) DESY--> , D-15735 Zeuthen--> - GERMANY (Middell, E.) Dept. of Physics, TU Dortmund University - D-44221 Dortmund--> - GERMANY (Milke, N.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Montaruli, T.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Morse, R.) Dept. of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park - PA 16802--> - UNITED STATES (Movit, S.M.) Dept. of Physics, TU Dortmund University - D-44221 Dortmund--> - GERMANY (Munich, K.) DESY--> , D-15735 Zeuthen--> - GERMANY (Nahnhauer, R.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of California - Irvine--> , CA 92697--> - UNITED STATES (Nam, J.W.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wuppertal - D-42119 Wuppertal--> - GERMANY (Naumann, U.) Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware - Newark--> , DE 19716--> - UNITED STATES (Nie?en, P.) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Nygren, D.R.) Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik - D-69177 Heidelberg--> - GERMANY (Odrowski, S.) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park - MD 20742--> - UNITED STATES (Olivas, A.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University - Box 516--> , S-75120 Uppsala--> - SWEDEN (Olivo, M.) Fakultat fur Physik & Astronomie--> , Ruhr-Universitat Bochum--> , D-44780 Bochum--> - GERMANY (Olivo, M.) Dept. of Physics, Chiba University - Chiba 263-8522--> - JAPAN (Ono, M.) Institut fur Physik, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin - D-12489 Berlin--> - GERMANY (Panknin, S.) III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University - D-52056 Aachen--> - GERMANY (Paul, L.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University - Box 516--> , S-75120 Uppsala--> - SWEDEN (de los Heros, C. Perez) Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230 - B-1050 Brussels--> - BELGIUM (Petrovic, J.) Institute of Physics, University of Mainz - Staudinger Weg 7--> , D-55099 Mainz--> - GERMANY (Piegsa, A.) Dept. of Physics, TU Dortmund University - D-44221 Dortmund--> - GERMANY (Pieloth, D.) Dept. of Physics, University of California - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Porrata, R.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wuppertal - D-42119 Wuppertal--> - GERMANY (Posselt, J.) Dept. of Physics, University of California - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Price, P.B.) Dept. of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park - PA 16802--> - UNITED STATES (Prikockis, M.) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Przybylski, G.T.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage - 3211 Providence Dr.--> , Anchorage--> , AK 99508--> - UNITED STATES (Rawlins, K.) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park - MD 20742--> - UNITED STATES (Redl, P.) Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik - D-69177 Heidelberg--> - GERMANY (Resconi, E.) Dept. of Physics, TU Dortmund University - D-44221 Dortmund--> - GERMANY (Rhode, W.) Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale - CH-1015 Lausanne--> - SWITZERLAND (Ribordy, M.) Vrije Universiteit Brussel - Dienst ELEM--> , B-1050 Brussels--> - BELGIUM (Rizzo, A.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Rodrigues, J.P.) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park - MD 20742--> - UNITED STATES (Roth, P.) Institute of Physics, University of Mainz - Staudinger Weg 7--> , D-55099 Mainz--> - GERMANY (Rothmaier, F.) Dept. of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University - Columbus--> , OH 43210--> - UNITED STATES (Rott, C.) Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik - D-69177 Heidelberg--> - GERMANY (Roucelle, C.) Dept. of Physics, TU Dortmund University - D-44221 Dortmund--> - GERMANY (Ruhe, T.) Dept. of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park - PA 16802--> - UNITED STATES (Rutledge, D.) Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware - Newark--> , DE 19716--> - UNITED STATES (Ruzybayev, B.) Dept. of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, University of Gent - B-9000 Gent--> - BELGIUM (Ryckbosch, D.) Institute of Physics, University of Mainz - Staudinger Weg 7--> , D-55099 Mainz--> - GERMANY (Sander, H.-G.) Dept. of Physics, University of Oxford - 1 Keble Road--> , Oxford OX1 3NP--> - UNITED KINGDOM (Sarkar, S.) Institute of Physics, University of Mainz - Staudinger Weg 7--> , D-55099 Mainz--> - GERMANY (Schatto, K.) DESY--> , D-15735 Zeuthen--> - GERMANY (Schlenstedt, S.) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park - MD 20742--> - UNITED STATES (Schmidt, T.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Schneider, D.) III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University - D-52056 Aachen--> - GERMANY (Schukraft, A.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wuppertal - D-42119 Wuppertal--> - GERMANY (Schultes, A.) Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik - D-69177 Heidelberg--> - GERMANY (Schulz, O.) III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University - D-52056 Aachen--> - GERMANY (Schunck, M.) Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware - Newark--> , DE 19716--> - UNITED STATES (Seckel, D.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wuppertal - D-42119 Wuppertal--> - GERMANY (Semburg, B.) Oskar Klein Centre and Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University - SE-10691 Stockholm--> - SWEDEN (Seo, S.H.) Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik - D-69177 Heidelberg--> - GERMANY (Sestayo, Y.) Dept. of Physics, University of the West Indies - Cave Hill Campus--> , Bridgetown BB11000--> - BARBADOS (Seunarine, S.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of California - Irvine--> , CA 92697--> - UNITED STATES (Silvestri, A.) Dept. of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park - PA 16802--> - UNITED STATES (Slipak, A.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - River Falls--> , WI 54022--> - UNITED STATES (Spiczak, G.M.) DESY--> , D-15735 Zeuthen--> - GERMANY (Spiering, C.) Dept. of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University - Columbus--> , OH 43210--> - UNITED STATES (Stamatikos, M.) Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware - Newark--> , DE 19716--> - UNITED STATES (Stanev, T.) Dept. of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park - PA 16802--> - UNITED STATES (Stephens, G.) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Stezelberger, T.) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Stokstad, R.G.) Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware - Newark--> , DE 19716--> - UNITED STATES (Stoyanov, S.) Vrije Universiteit Brussel - Dienst ELEM--> , B-1050 Brussels--> - BELGIUM (Strahler, E.A.) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park - MD 20742--> - UNITED STATES (Straszheim, T.) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park - MD 20742--> - UNITED STATES (Sullivan, G.W.) Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230 - B-1050 Brussels--> - BELGIUM (Swillens, Q.) School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology - Atlanta--> , GA 30332. USA--> - (Taboada, I.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - River Falls--> , WI 54022--> - UNITED STATES (Tamburro, A.) DESY--> , D-15735 Zeuthen--> - GERMANY (Tarasova, O.) School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology - Atlanta--> , GA 30332. USA--> - (Tepe, A.) Dept. of Physics, Southern University - Baton Rouge--> , LA 70813--> - UNITED STATES (Ter-Antonyan, S.) Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware - Newark--> , DE 19716--> - UNITED STATES (Tilav, S.) Dept. of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park - PA 16802--> - UNITED STATES (Toale, P.A.) DESY--> , D-15735 Zeuthen--> - GERMANY (Tosi, D.) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park - MD 20742--> - UNITED STATES (Turcan, D.) Vrije Universiteit Brussel - Dienst ELEM--> , B-1050 Brussels--> - BELGIUM (van Eijndhoven, N.) Dept. of Physics, University of California - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Vandenbroucke, J.) Dept. of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, University of Gent - B-9000 Gent--> - BELGIUM (Van Overloop, A.) Institut fur Physik, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin - D-12489 Berlin--> - GERMANY (van Santen, J.) DESY--> , D-15735 Zeuthen--> - GERMANY (Voigt, B.) Oskar Klein Centre and Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University - SE-10691 Stockholm--> - SWEDEN (Walck, C.) Institut fur Physik, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin - D-12489 Berlin--> - GERMANY (Waldenmaier, T.) III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University - D-52056 Aachen--> - GERMANY (Wallraff, M.) DESY--> , D-15735 Zeuthen--> - GERMANY (Walter, M.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Wendt, C.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Westerhoff, S.) Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison--> , WI 53706--> - UNITED STATES (Whitehorn, N.) Institute of Physics, University of Mainz - Staudinger Weg 7--> , D-55099 Mainz--> - GERMANY (Wiebe, K.) III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University - D-52056 Aachen--> - GERMANY (Wiebusch, C.H.) Oskar Klein Centre and Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University - SE-10691 Stockholm--> - SWEDEN (Wikstrom, G.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa--> , AL 35487--> - UNITED STATES (Williams, D.R.) DESY--> , D-15735 Zeuthen--> - GERMANY (Wischnewski, R.) Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park - MD 20742--> - UNITED STATES (Wissing, H.) Dept. of Physics, University of California - Berkeley--> , CA 94720--> - UNITED STATES (Woschnagg, K.) Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware - Newark--> , DE 19716--> - UNITED STATES (Xu, C.) Dept. of Physics, Southern University - Baton Rouge--> , LA 70813--> - UNITED STATES (Xu, X.W.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of California - Irvine--> , CA 92697--> - UNITED STATES (Yodh, G.) Dept. of Physics, Chiba University - Chiba 263-8522--> - JAPAN (Yoshida, S.) Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa--> , AL 35487--> - UNITED STATES (Zarzhitsky, P.) BARBADOS BELGIUM GERMANY JAPAN NETHERLANDS NEW ZEALAND SWEDEN SWITZERLAND UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES Received: 2010-04-14 Revised: 2010-05-11 Accepted: 2010-05-13