Exploring Sino-Russian-Nordics triangular relations: complex balancing along the Polar Silk Road
The megatrends of climate change, China’s Belt and Road Initiative, and the Western sanctions against Russia have made the once calm Arctic an arena of geopolitical competition. Before the Crimea crisis of 2014, the Nordics were the primary advocates for a Chinese role in the Arctic when Russia was...
Published in: | Journal of Contemporary European Studies |
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Routledge
2021
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fttamkanguniv:oai:tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw:987654321/123421 2023-06-11T04:08:08+02:00 Exploring Sino-Russian-Nordics triangular relations: complex balancing along the Polar Silk Road Biedermann, Reinhard 2021-05-26 111 bytes text/html https://tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw/dspace/handle/987654321/123421 https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2021.1924640 https://tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw/dspace/bitstream/987654321/123421/1/index.html en eng Routledge Journal of Contemporary European Studies 1478-2804;1478-2790 doi:10.1080/14782804.2021.1924640 https://tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw/dspace/handle/987654321/123421 https://tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw/dspace/bitstream/987654321/123421/1/index.html Belt and Road Initiative;Barentsgeopolitics;defensive neorealism;Euro-Arctic;connectivity 2021 fttamkanguniv https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2021.1924640 2023-05-05T00:33:07Z The megatrends of climate change, China’s Belt and Road Initiative, and the Western sanctions against Russia have made the once calm Arctic an arena of geopolitical competition. Before the Crimea crisis of 2014, the Nordics were the primary advocates for a Chinese role in the Arctic when Russia was still hesitant. In 2017 Russia and China agreed to build a Polar Silk Road along the Northern Sea Route, which complements China’s 21st Century Maritime Silk Road plans. Russia financially depends on China for its aspirational Arctic plans. Meanwhile, China increasingly perceives the five Nordic states as a unit to negotiate projects under the Belt and Road Initiative and suggested a 5 + 1 format. Thus, China’s rising Arctic presence made the age-old Nordics-Russia relations triangular. What does the Sino-Russian strategic partnership mean for the Nordics’ preference formation concerning the Polar Silk Road? This paper traces the triangular ties before and after the Crimea crisis and finds that the actors switched from liberal towards defensive neorealist perspectives. The Nordics have become worried about the Sino-Russian Arctic honeymoon, Russia’s Arctic military assertiveness and China’s intentions. As the triangular links are out-of-balance, the Nordics might apply complex balancing to achieve collective goods along the Northern Sea Route. 補正完畢 GBR Other/Unknown Material Arctic Climate change Northern Sea Route Tamkang University Institutional Repository (TKUIR) / 淡江大學機構典藏 Arctic Journal of Contemporary European Studies 30 4 623 639 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Tamkang University Institutional Repository (TKUIR) / 淡江大學機構典藏 |
op_collection_id |
fttamkanguniv |
language |
English |
topic |
Belt and Road Initiative;Barentsgeopolitics;defensive neorealism;Euro-Arctic;connectivity |
spellingShingle |
Belt and Road Initiative;Barentsgeopolitics;defensive neorealism;Euro-Arctic;connectivity Biedermann, Reinhard Exploring Sino-Russian-Nordics triangular relations: complex balancing along the Polar Silk Road |
topic_facet |
Belt and Road Initiative;Barentsgeopolitics;defensive neorealism;Euro-Arctic;connectivity |
description |
The megatrends of climate change, China’s Belt and Road Initiative, and the Western sanctions against Russia have made the once calm Arctic an arena of geopolitical competition. Before the Crimea crisis of 2014, the Nordics were the primary advocates for a Chinese role in the Arctic when Russia was still hesitant. In 2017 Russia and China agreed to build a Polar Silk Road along the Northern Sea Route, which complements China’s 21st Century Maritime Silk Road plans. Russia financially depends on China for its aspirational Arctic plans. Meanwhile, China increasingly perceives the five Nordic states as a unit to negotiate projects under the Belt and Road Initiative and suggested a 5 + 1 format. Thus, China’s rising Arctic presence made the age-old Nordics-Russia relations triangular. What does the Sino-Russian strategic partnership mean for the Nordics’ preference formation concerning the Polar Silk Road? This paper traces the triangular ties before and after the Crimea crisis and finds that the actors switched from liberal towards defensive neorealist perspectives. The Nordics have become worried about the Sino-Russian Arctic honeymoon, Russia’s Arctic military assertiveness and China’s intentions. As the triangular links are out-of-balance, the Nordics might apply complex balancing to achieve collective goods along the Northern Sea Route. 補正完畢 GBR |
author |
Biedermann, Reinhard |
author_facet |
Biedermann, Reinhard |
author_sort |
Biedermann, Reinhard |
title |
Exploring Sino-Russian-Nordics triangular relations: complex balancing along the Polar Silk Road |
title_short |
Exploring Sino-Russian-Nordics triangular relations: complex balancing along the Polar Silk Road |
title_full |
Exploring Sino-Russian-Nordics triangular relations: complex balancing along the Polar Silk Road |
title_fullStr |
Exploring Sino-Russian-Nordics triangular relations: complex balancing along the Polar Silk Road |
title_full_unstemmed |
Exploring Sino-Russian-Nordics triangular relations: complex balancing along the Polar Silk Road |
title_sort |
exploring sino-russian-nordics triangular relations: complex balancing along the polar silk road |
publisher |
Routledge |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw/dspace/handle/987654321/123421 https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2021.1924640 https://tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw/dspace/bitstream/987654321/123421/1/index.html |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Climate change Northern Sea Route |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change Northern Sea Route |
op_relation |
Journal of Contemporary European Studies 1478-2804;1478-2790 doi:10.1080/14782804.2021.1924640 https://tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw/dspace/handle/987654321/123421 https://tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw/dspace/bitstream/987654321/123421/1/index.html |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2021.1924640 |
container_title |
Journal of Contemporary European Studies |
container_volume |
30 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
623 |
op_container_end_page |
639 |
_version_ |
1768381262813200384 |