The effect of blood pressure on cognitive performance. An 8-year follow-up of the Tromsø Study, comprising people aged 45–74 Years
Background: The relationship between blood pressure (BP) and cognition is complex were age appears to be an intervening variable. High and low BP have been associated with cognitive deficits as part of the aging process, but more studies are needed, especially in more recent birth cohorts. Methods:...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2680596 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00607 |
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ftsykehusinnlhf:oai:sihf.brage.unit.no:11250/2680596 2024-03-03T08:49:10+00:00 The effect of blood pressure on cognitive performance. An 8-year follow-up of the Tromsø Study, comprising people aged 45–74 Years Hestad, Knut Engedal, Knut Schirmer, Henrik Strand, Bjørn Heine 2020 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2680596 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00607 eng eng Frontiers in Psychology. 2020, 11:607 1-11. urn:issn:1664-1078 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2680596 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00607 cristin:1810763 Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no Copyright © 2020 Hestad, Engedal, Schirmer and Strand. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License(CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. 1-11 11:607 Frontiers in Psychology aging blood pressure cognitive performance dementia sex differences Peer reviewed Journal article 2020 ftsykehusinnlhf https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00607 2024-02-02T11:32:30Z Background: The relationship between blood pressure (BP) and cognition is complex were age appears to be an intervening variable. High and low BP have been associated with cognitive deficits as part of the aging process, but more studies are needed, especially in more recent birth cohorts. Methods: The study sample comprised 4,465 participants, with BP measured at baseline in the Tromsø Study, Wave 6 in 2007–2008 (T0), and cognition assessed at follow-up 8 years later, in 2015–2016 in Tromsø Study 7 (T1). Age at T0 was 45–74 years, and at T1 it was 53–82 years. Cognition was assessed with three tests: The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Digit Symbol Test, and the Twelve-word Test. The associations between BP and cognition were examined specifically for age and sex using linear regression analysis adjusted for baseline BP medication use, education and body mass index (kg/m2). Results: BP was associated with cognition at the 8-year follow-up, but the association differed according to age and sex. In men, higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at a young age (45–55 years of age) was associated with poorer cognition; the association was reversed at older ages, especially for those above 65 years of age. In women, the associations were generally weaker than for men, and sometimes in the opposite direction: For women, a higher SBP was associated with better cognition at a younger age and higher SBP poorer cognition at older ages – perhaps due to an age delay in women compared to men. Digit Symbol Test results correlated best with BP in a three-way interaction: BP by age by sex was significant for both SBP (p = 0.005) and DBP (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Increased SBP and DBP at the younger age was clearly associated with poorer cognitive function in men 8 years later; in women the associations were weaker and sometimes in the opposite direction. Our findings clearly indicate that interactions between age and sex related to BP can predict cognitive performance over time. Men and ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Tromsø Sykehuset Innlandet HF: SIHF Open Archive Tromsø Frontiers in Psychology 11 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Sykehuset Innlandet HF: SIHF Open Archive |
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ftsykehusinnlhf |
language |
English |
topic |
aging blood pressure cognitive performance dementia sex differences |
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aging blood pressure cognitive performance dementia sex differences Hestad, Knut Engedal, Knut Schirmer, Henrik Strand, Bjørn Heine The effect of blood pressure on cognitive performance. An 8-year follow-up of the Tromsø Study, comprising people aged 45–74 Years |
topic_facet |
aging blood pressure cognitive performance dementia sex differences |
description |
Background: The relationship between blood pressure (BP) and cognition is complex were age appears to be an intervening variable. High and low BP have been associated with cognitive deficits as part of the aging process, but more studies are needed, especially in more recent birth cohorts. Methods: The study sample comprised 4,465 participants, with BP measured at baseline in the Tromsø Study, Wave 6 in 2007–2008 (T0), and cognition assessed at follow-up 8 years later, in 2015–2016 in Tromsø Study 7 (T1). Age at T0 was 45–74 years, and at T1 it was 53–82 years. Cognition was assessed with three tests: The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Digit Symbol Test, and the Twelve-word Test. The associations between BP and cognition were examined specifically for age and sex using linear regression analysis adjusted for baseline BP medication use, education and body mass index (kg/m2). Results: BP was associated with cognition at the 8-year follow-up, but the association differed according to age and sex. In men, higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at a young age (45–55 years of age) was associated with poorer cognition; the association was reversed at older ages, especially for those above 65 years of age. In women, the associations were generally weaker than for men, and sometimes in the opposite direction: For women, a higher SBP was associated with better cognition at a younger age and higher SBP poorer cognition at older ages – perhaps due to an age delay in women compared to men. Digit Symbol Test results correlated best with BP in a three-way interaction: BP by age by sex was significant for both SBP (p = 0.005) and DBP (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Increased SBP and DBP at the younger age was clearly associated with poorer cognitive function in men 8 years later; in women the associations were weaker and sometimes in the opposite direction. Our findings clearly indicate that interactions between age and sex related to BP can predict cognitive performance over time. Men and ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hestad, Knut Engedal, Knut Schirmer, Henrik Strand, Bjørn Heine |
author_facet |
Hestad, Knut Engedal, Knut Schirmer, Henrik Strand, Bjørn Heine |
author_sort |
Hestad, Knut |
title |
The effect of blood pressure on cognitive performance. An 8-year follow-up of the Tromsø Study, comprising people aged 45–74 Years |
title_short |
The effect of blood pressure on cognitive performance. An 8-year follow-up of the Tromsø Study, comprising people aged 45–74 Years |
title_full |
The effect of blood pressure on cognitive performance. An 8-year follow-up of the Tromsø Study, comprising people aged 45–74 Years |
title_fullStr |
The effect of blood pressure on cognitive performance. An 8-year follow-up of the Tromsø Study, comprising people aged 45–74 Years |
title_full_unstemmed |
The effect of blood pressure on cognitive performance. An 8-year follow-up of the Tromsø Study, comprising people aged 45–74 Years |
title_sort |
effect of blood pressure on cognitive performance. an 8-year follow-up of the tromsø study, comprising people aged 45–74 years |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2680596 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00607 |
geographic |
Tromsø |
geographic_facet |
Tromsø |
genre |
Tromsø |
genre_facet |
Tromsø |
op_source |
1-11 11:607 Frontiers in Psychology |
op_relation |
Frontiers in Psychology. 2020, 11:607 1-11. urn:issn:1664-1078 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2680596 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00607 cristin:1810763 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no Copyright © 2020 Hestad, Engedal, Schirmer and Strand. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License(CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00607 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Psychology |
container_volume |
11 |
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1792506344458158080 |