Direct linking of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores at the Toba eruption (74 ka BP)
The Toba eruption that occurred some 74 ka ago in Sumatra, Indonesia, is among the largest volcanic events on Earth over the last 2 million years. Tephra from this eruption has been spread over vast areas in Asia, where it constitutes a major time marker close to the Marine Isotope Stage 4/5 boundar...
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ftsubggeo:oai:e-docs.geo-leo.de:11858/6989 2024-06-09T07:40:06+00:00 Direct linking of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores at the Toba eruption (74 ka BP) Svensson, A. Bigler, M. Blunier, T. Clausen, H. B. Dahl-Jensen, D. Fischer, H. Fujita, S. Goto-Azuma, K. Johnsen, S. J. Kawamura, K. Kipfstuhl, S. Kohno, M. Parrenin, F. Popp, T. Rasmussen, S. O. Schwander, J. Seierstad, I. Severi, M. Steffensen, J. P. Udisti, R. Uemura, R. Vallelonga, P. Vinther, B. M. Wegner, A. Wilhelms, F. Winstrup, M. 2013 18 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-749-2013 http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gldocs-11858/6989 eng eng 1814-9332 doi:10.5194/cp-9-749-2013 http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gldocs-11858/6989 openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ ddc:551 doc-type:article publishedVersion 2013 ftsubggeo https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-749-2013 2024-05-10T04:58:21Z The Toba eruption that occurred some 74 ka ago in Sumatra, Indonesia, is among the largest volcanic events on Earth over the last 2 million years. Tephra from this eruption has been spread over vast areas in Asia, where it constitutes a major time marker close to the Marine Isotope Stage 4/5 boundary. As yet, no tephra associated with Toba has been identified in Greenland or Antarctic ice cores. Based on new accurate dating of Toba tephra and on accurately dated European stalagmites, the Toba event is known to occur between the onsets of Greenland interstadials (GI) 19 and 20. Furthermore, the existing linking of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores by gas records and by the bipolar seesaw hypothesis suggests that the Antarctic counterpart is situated between Antarctic Isotope Maxima (AIM) 19 and 20. In this work we suggest a direct synchronization of Greenland (NGRIP) and Antarctic (EDML) ice cores at the Toba eruption based on matching of a pattern of bipolar volcanic spikes. Annual layer counting between volcanic spikes in both cores allows for a unique match. We first demonstrate this bipolar matching technique at the already synchronized Laschamp geomagnetic excursion (41 ka BP) before we apply it to the suggested Toba interval. The Toba synchronization pattern covers some 2000 yr in GI-20 and AIM- 19/20 and includes nine acidity peaks that are recognized in both ice cores. The suggested bipolar Toba synchronization has decadal precision. It thus allows a determination of the exact phasing of inter-hemispheric climate in a time interval of poorly constrained ice core records, and it allows for a discussion of the climatic impact of the Toba eruption in a global perspective. The bipolar linking gives no support for a long-term global cooling caused by the Toba eruption as Antarctica experiences a major warming shortly after the event. Furthermore, our bipolar match provides a way to place palaeoenvironmental records other than ice cores into a precise climatic context. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Greenland ice core NGRIP GEO-LEOe-docs (FID GEO) Antarctic Greenland The Antarctic Climate of the Past 9 2 749 766 |
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GEO-LEOe-docs (FID GEO) |
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English |
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ddc:551 Svensson, A. Bigler, M. Blunier, T. Clausen, H. B. Dahl-Jensen, D. Fischer, H. Fujita, S. Goto-Azuma, K. Johnsen, S. J. Kawamura, K. Kipfstuhl, S. Kohno, M. Parrenin, F. Popp, T. Rasmussen, S. O. Schwander, J. Seierstad, I. Severi, M. Steffensen, J. P. Udisti, R. Uemura, R. Vallelonga, P. Vinther, B. M. Wegner, A. Wilhelms, F. Winstrup, M. Direct linking of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores at the Toba eruption (74 ka BP) |
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ddc:551 |
description |
The Toba eruption that occurred some 74 ka ago in Sumatra, Indonesia, is among the largest volcanic events on Earth over the last 2 million years. Tephra from this eruption has been spread over vast areas in Asia, where it constitutes a major time marker close to the Marine Isotope Stage 4/5 boundary. As yet, no tephra associated with Toba has been identified in Greenland or Antarctic ice cores. Based on new accurate dating of Toba tephra and on accurately dated European stalagmites, the Toba event is known to occur between the onsets of Greenland interstadials (GI) 19 and 20. Furthermore, the existing linking of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores by gas records and by the bipolar seesaw hypothesis suggests that the Antarctic counterpart is situated between Antarctic Isotope Maxima (AIM) 19 and 20. In this work we suggest a direct synchronization of Greenland (NGRIP) and Antarctic (EDML) ice cores at the Toba eruption based on matching of a pattern of bipolar volcanic spikes. Annual layer counting between volcanic spikes in both cores allows for a unique match. We first demonstrate this bipolar matching technique at the already synchronized Laschamp geomagnetic excursion (41 ka BP) before we apply it to the suggested Toba interval. The Toba synchronization pattern covers some 2000 yr in GI-20 and AIM- 19/20 and includes nine acidity peaks that are recognized in both ice cores. The suggested bipolar Toba synchronization has decadal precision. It thus allows a determination of the exact phasing of inter-hemispheric climate in a time interval of poorly constrained ice core records, and it allows for a discussion of the climatic impact of the Toba eruption in a global perspective. The bipolar linking gives no support for a long-term global cooling caused by the Toba eruption as Antarctica experiences a major warming shortly after the event. Furthermore, our bipolar match provides a way to place palaeoenvironmental records other than ice cores into a precise climatic context. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Svensson, A. Bigler, M. Blunier, T. Clausen, H. B. Dahl-Jensen, D. Fischer, H. Fujita, S. Goto-Azuma, K. Johnsen, S. J. Kawamura, K. Kipfstuhl, S. Kohno, M. Parrenin, F. Popp, T. Rasmussen, S. O. Schwander, J. Seierstad, I. Severi, M. Steffensen, J. P. Udisti, R. Uemura, R. Vallelonga, P. Vinther, B. M. Wegner, A. Wilhelms, F. Winstrup, M. |
author_facet |
Svensson, A. Bigler, M. Blunier, T. Clausen, H. B. Dahl-Jensen, D. Fischer, H. Fujita, S. Goto-Azuma, K. Johnsen, S. J. Kawamura, K. Kipfstuhl, S. Kohno, M. Parrenin, F. Popp, T. Rasmussen, S. O. Schwander, J. Seierstad, I. Severi, M. Steffensen, J. P. Udisti, R. Uemura, R. Vallelonga, P. Vinther, B. M. Wegner, A. Wilhelms, F. Winstrup, M. |
author_sort |
Svensson, A. |
title |
Direct linking of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores at the Toba eruption (74 ka BP) |
title_short |
Direct linking of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores at the Toba eruption (74 ka BP) |
title_full |
Direct linking of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores at the Toba eruption (74 ka BP) |
title_fullStr |
Direct linking of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores at the Toba eruption (74 ka BP) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Direct linking of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores at the Toba eruption (74 ka BP) |
title_sort |
direct linking of greenland and antarctic ice cores at the toba eruption (74 ka bp) |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-749-2013 http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gldocs-11858/6989 |
geographic |
Antarctic Greenland The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Greenland The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Greenland ice core NGRIP |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Greenland ice core NGRIP |
op_relation |
1814-9332 doi:10.5194/cp-9-749-2013 http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gldocs-11858/6989 |
op_rights |
openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-749-2013 |
container_title |
Climate of the Past |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
749 |
op_container_end_page |
766 |
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1801383591977943040 |