Impact of Cyclonic Wind Anomalies Caused by Massive Winter Sea Ice Retreat in the Barents Sea on Atlantic Water Transport Toward the Arctic: A Model Study

• Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• Main Authors: Heukamp, Finn Ole, Kanzow, Torsten, Wang, Qiang, Wekerle, Claudia, Gerdes, Rüdiger, 1 Alfred‐Wegener‐Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2023
• Subjects: ddc:551; Barents Sea; Arctic Amplification; feedback; Atlantic water; modeling; Fram Strait; Arctic; Greenland; Arctic Basin; Greenland Sea; North Atlantic; Sea ice; Spitsbergen
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC019045; http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gldocs-11858/11259

The Arctic is warming much faster than the global average. This is known as Arctic Amplification and is caused by feedbacks in the local climate system. In this study, we explore a previously proposed hypothesis that an associated wind feedback in the Barents Sea could play an important role by increasing the warm water inflow into the Barents Sea. We find that the strong recent decrease in Barents Sea winter sea ice cover causes enhanced ocean‐atmosphere heat flux and a local air temperature increase, thus a reduction in sea level pressure and a local cyclonic wind anomaly with eastward winds in the Barents Sea Opening. By investigating various reanalysis products and performing high‐resolution perturbation experiments with the ocean and sea ice model FESOM2.1, we studied the impact of cyclonic atmospheric circulation changes on the warm Atlantic Water import into the Arctic via the Barents Sea and Fram Strait. We found that the observed wind changes do not significantly affect the warm water transport into the Barents Sea, which rejects the wind‐feedback hypothesis. At the same time, the cyclonic wind anomalies in the Barents Sea increase the amount of Atlantic Water recirculating westwards in Fram Strait by a downslope shift of the West Spitsbergen Current, and thus reduce Atlantic Water reaching the Arctic basin via Fram Strait. The resulting warm‐water anomaly in the Greenland Sea Gyre drives a local anticyclonic circulation anomaly. Plain Language Summary: The Barents Sea has been experiencing a rapid decrease in its winter sea ice extent during the last 30 years. The loss of sea ice creates new areas where, in winter, the relatively warm ocean loses heat to the cold atmosphere. As warm air rises, the warming reduces the sea level air pressure, changing the atmospheric circulation to develop a local anticlockwise wind system centered over the northern Barents Sea. The associated eastward winds in the Barents Sea Opening and southeastward winds in Fram Strait affect how warm water from the North Atlantic ...