Evidence for Secondary Ice Production in Southern Ocean Maritime Boundary Layer Clouds
Maritime boundary‐layer clouds over the Southern Ocean (SO) have a large shortwave radiative effect. Yet, climate models have difficulties in representing these clouds and, especially, their phase in this observationally sparse region. This study aims to increase the knowledge of SO cloud phase by p...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2022
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036411 http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gldocs-11858/10448 |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
GEO-LEOe-docs (FID GEO) |
op_collection_id |
ftsubggeo |
language |
English |
topic |
ddc:551 southern ocean mixed‐phase clouds in‐situ observations ice crystals secondary ice ice nucleating particles |
spellingShingle |
ddc:551 southern ocean mixed‐phase clouds in‐situ observations ice crystals secondary ice ice nucleating particles Järvinen, Emma McCluskey, Christina S. Waitz, Fritz Schnaiter, Martin Bansemer, Aaron Bardeen, Charles G. Gettelman, Andrew Heymsfield, Andrew Stith, Jeffrey L. Wu, Wei D’Alessandro, John J. McFarquhar, Greg M. Diao, Minghui Finlon, Joseph A. Hill, Thomas C. J. Levin, Ezra J. T. Moore, Kathryn A. DeMott, Paul J. McCluskey, Christina S.; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Waitz, Fritz; 3 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Schnaiter, Martin; 3 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Bansemer, Aaron; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Bardeen, Charles G.; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Gettelman, Andrew; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Heymsfield, Andrew; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Stith, Jeffrey L.; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Wu, Wei; 5 Cooperative Institute for Severe and High Impact Weather Research and Operations University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA D’Alessandro, John J.; 5 Cooperative Institute for Severe and High Impact Weather Research and Operations University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA McFarquhar, Greg M.; 5 Cooperative Institute for Severe and High Impact Weather Research and Operations University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA Diao, Minghui; 7 Department of Meteorology and Climate Science San Jose State University San Jose CA USA Finlon, Joseph A.; 8 Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA Hill, Thomas C. J.; 9 Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA Levin, Ezra J. T.; 9 Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA Moore, Kathryn A.; 9 Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA DeMott, Paul J.; 9 Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA Evidence for Secondary Ice Production in Southern Ocean Maritime Boundary Layer Clouds |
topic_facet |
ddc:551 southern ocean mixed‐phase clouds in‐situ observations ice crystals secondary ice ice nucleating particles |
description |
Maritime boundary‐layer clouds over the Southern Ocean (SO) have a large shortwave radiative effect. Yet, climate models have difficulties in representing these clouds and, especially, their phase in this observationally sparse region. This study aims to increase the knowledge of SO cloud phase by presenting in‐situ cloud microphysical observations from the Southern Ocean Clouds, Radiation, Aerosol, Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES). We investigate the occurrence of ice in summertime marine stratocumulus and cumulus clouds in the temperature range between 6 and −25°C. Our observations show that in ice‐containing clouds, maximum ice number concentrations of up to several hundreds per liter were found. The observed ice crystal concentrations were on average one to two orders of magnitude higher than the simultaneously measured ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations in the temperature range below −10°C and up to five orders of magnitude higher than estimated INP concentrations in the temperature range above −10°C. These results highlight the importance of secondary ice production (SIP) in SO summertime marine boundary‐layer clouds. Evidence for rime splintering was found in the Hallett‐Mossop (HM) temperature range but the exact SIP mechanism active at lower temperatures remains unclear. Finally, instrument simulators were used to assess simulated co‐located cloud ice concentrations and the role of modeled HM rime‐splintering. We found that CAM6 is deficient in simulating number concentrations across the HM temperature range with little sensitivity to the model HM process, which is inconsistent with the aforementioned observational evidence of highly active SIP processes in SO low‐level clouds. Plain Language Summary: Clouds in the Southern Ocean are important for climate but not well represented in climate models. Observations in this remote region have been rare. This study presents results from a recent airborne campaign that took place in the Southern Ocean where low‐ and mid‐level clouds were ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Järvinen, Emma McCluskey, Christina S. Waitz, Fritz Schnaiter, Martin Bansemer, Aaron Bardeen, Charles G. Gettelman, Andrew Heymsfield, Andrew Stith, Jeffrey L. Wu, Wei D’Alessandro, John J. McFarquhar, Greg M. Diao, Minghui Finlon, Joseph A. Hill, Thomas C. J. Levin, Ezra J. T. Moore, Kathryn A. DeMott, Paul J. McCluskey, Christina S.; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Waitz, Fritz; 3 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Schnaiter, Martin; 3 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Bansemer, Aaron; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Bardeen, Charles G.; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Gettelman, Andrew; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Heymsfield, Andrew; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Stith, Jeffrey L.; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Wu, Wei; 5 Cooperative Institute for Severe and High Impact Weather Research and Operations University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA D’Alessandro, John J.; 5 Cooperative Institute for Severe and High Impact Weather Research and Operations University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA McFarquhar, Greg M.; 5 Cooperative Institute for Severe and High Impact Weather Research and Operations University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA Diao, Minghui; 7 Department of Meteorology and Climate Science San Jose State University San Jose CA USA Finlon, Joseph A.; 8 Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA Hill, Thomas C. J.; 9 Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA Levin, Ezra J. T.; 9 Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA Moore, Kathryn A.; 9 Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA DeMott, Paul J.; 9 Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA |
author_facet |
Järvinen, Emma McCluskey, Christina S. Waitz, Fritz Schnaiter, Martin Bansemer, Aaron Bardeen, Charles G. Gettelman, Andrew Heymsfield, Andrew Stith, Jeffrey L. Wu, Wei D’Alessandro, John J. McFarquhar, Greg M. Diao, Minghui Finlon, Joseph A. Hill, Thomas C. J. Levin, Ezra J. T. Moore, Kathryn A. DeMott, Paul J. McCluskey, Christina S.; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Waitz, Fritz; 3 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Schnaiter, Martin; 3 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Bansemer, Aaron; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Bardeen, Charles G.; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Gettelman, Andrew; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Heymsfield, Andrew; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Stith, Jeffrey L.; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Wu, Wei; 5 Cooperative Institute for Severe and High Impact Weather Research and Operations University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA D’Alessandro, John J.; 5 Cooperative Institute for Severe and High Impact Weather Research and Operations University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA McFarquhar, Greg M.; 5 Cooperative Institute for Severe and High Impact Weather Research and Operations University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA Diao, Minghui; 7 Department of Meteorology and Climate Science San Jose State University San Jose CA USA Finlon, Joseph A.; 8 Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA Hill, Thomas C. J.; 9 Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA Levin, Ezra J. T.; 9 Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA Moore, Kathryn A.; 9 Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA DeMott, Paul J.; 9 Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA |
author_sort |
Järvinen, Emma |
title |
Evidence for Secondary Ice Production in Southern Ocean Maritime Boundary Layer Clouds |
title_short |
Evidence for Secondary Ice Production in Southern Ocean Maritime Boundary Layer Clouds |
title_full |
Evidence for Secondary Ice Production in Southern Ocean Maritime Boundary Layer Clouds |
title_fullStr |
Evidence for Secondary Ice Production in Southern Ocean Maritime Boundary Layer Clouds |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evidence for Secondary Ice Production in Southern Ocean Maritime Boundary Layer Clouds |
title_sort |
evidence for secondary ice production in southern ocean maritime boundary layer clouds |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036411 http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gldocs-11858/10448 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(170.217,170.217,-72.317,-72.317) ENVELOPE(6.483,6.483,62.567,62.567) |
geographic |
Southern Ocean Hallett Rime |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean Hallett Rime |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
doi:10.1029/2021JD036411 http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gldocs-11858/10448 |
op_rights |
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036411 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
container_volume |
127 |
container_issue |
16 |
_version_ |
1766204710980681728 |
spelling |
ftsubggeo:oai:e-docs.geo-leo.de:11858/10448 2023-05-15T18:24:18+02:00 Evidence for Secondary Ice Production in Southern Ocean Maritime Boundary Layer Clouds Järvinen, Emma McCluskey, Christina S. Waitz, Fritz Schnaiter, Martin Bansemer, Aaron Bardeen, Charles G. Gettelman, Andrew Heymsfield, Andrew Stith, Jeffrey L. Wu, Wei D’Alessandro, John J. McFarquhar, Greg M. Diao, Minghui Finlon, Joseph A. Hill, Thomas C. J. Levin, Ezra J. T. Moore, Kathryn A. DeMott, Paul J. McCluskey, Christina S.; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Waitz, Fritz; 3 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Schnaiter, Martin; 3 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Bansemer, Aaron; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Bardeen, Charles G.; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Gettelman, Andrew; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Heymsfield, Andrew; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Stith, Jeffrey L.; 1 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA Wu, Wei; 5 Cooperative Institute for Severe and High Impact Weather Research and Operations University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA D’Alessandro, John J.; 5 Cooperative Institute for Severe and High Impact Weather Research and Operations University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA McFarquhar, Greg M.; 5 Cooperative Institute for Severe and High Impact Weather Research and Operations University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA Diao, Minghui; 7 Department of Meteorology and Climate Science San Jose State University San Jose CA USA Finlon, Joseph A.; 8 Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA Hill, Thomas C. J.; 9 Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA Levin, Ezra J. T.; 9 Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA Moore, Kathryn A.; 9 Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA DeMott, Paul J.; 9 Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA 2022-08-16 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036411 http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gldocs-11858/10448 eng eng doi:10.1029/2021JD036411 http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gldocs-11858/10448 This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. CC-BY ddc:551 southern ocean mixed‐phase clouds in‐situ observations ice crystals secondary ice ice nucleating particles doc-type:article 2022 ftsubggeo https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036411 2023-01-29T23:12:02Z Maritime boundary‐layer clouds over the Southern Ocean (SO) have a large shortwave radiative effect. Yet, climate models have difficulties in representing these clouds and, especially, their phase in this observationally sparse region. This study aims to increase the knowledge of SO cloud phase by presenting in‐situ cloud microphysical observations from the Southern Ocean Clouds, Radiation, Aerosol, Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES). We investigate the occurrence of ice in summertime marine stratocumulus and cumulus clouds in the temperature range between 6 and −25°C. Our observations show that in ice‐containing clouds, maximum ice number concentrations of up to several hundreds per liter were found. The observed ice crystal concentrations were on average one to two orders of magnitude higher than the simultaneously measured ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations in the temperature range below −10°C and up to five orders of magnitude higher than estimated INP concentrations in the temperature range above −10°C. These results highlight the importance of secondary ice production (SIP) in SO summertime marine boundary‐layer clouds. Evidence for rime splintering was found in the Hallett‐Mossop (HM) temperature range but the exact SIP mechanism active at lower temperatures remains unclear. Finally, instrument simulators were used to assess simulated co‐located cloud ice concentrations and the role of modeled HM rime‐splintering. We found that CAM6 is deficient in simulating number concentrations across the HM temperature range with little sensitivity to the model HM process, which is inconsistent with the aforementioned observational evidence of highly active SIP processes in SO low‐level clouds. Plain Language Summary: Clouds in the Southern Ocean are important for climate but not well represented in climate models. Observations in this remote region have been rare. This study presents results from a recent airborne campaign that took place in the Southern Ocean where low‐ and mid‐level clouds were ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean GEO-LEOe-docs (FID GEO) Southern Ocean Hallett ENVELOPE(170.217,170.217,-72.317,-72.317) Rime ENVELOPE(6.483,6.483,62.567,62.567) Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 127 16 |