Advancing microwave radar retrievals of snow depth on sea ice: toward full characterisation of the snow and sea-ice layers
Snow is a key factor in the sea-ice and Earth's climate systems that modifies the physical, climatic, and biogeochemical processes taking place. One of its most important impacts is in regulating sea-ice growth and melt. Despite its importance, little is known about the spatial and temporal dis...
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Universität Bremen
2022
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Online Access: | https://media.suub.uni-bremen.de/handle/elib/5832 https://doi.org/10.26092/elib/1455 https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:46-elib58324 |
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ftsubbremen:oai:media.suub.uni-bremen.de:Publications/elib/5832 2023-05-15T15:17:31+02:00 Advancing microwave radar retrievals of snow depth on sea ice: toward full characterisation of the snow and sea-ice layers Jutila, Arttu Haas, Christian Eisen, Olaf 2022-03-16 application/pdf https://media.suub.uni-bremen.de/handle/elib/5832 https://doi.org/10.26092/elib/1455 https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:46-elib58324 eng eng Universität Bremen Fachbereich 01: Physik/Elektrotechnik (FB 01) https://media.suub.uni-bremen.de/handle/elib/5832 http://dx.doi.org/10.26092/elib/1455 doi:10.26092/elib/1455 urn:nbn:de:gbv:46-elib58324 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ CC-BY-NC-SA snow sea ice microwave remote sensing radar altimetry airborne measurements 530 530 Physics ddc:530 Dissertation doctoralThesis 2022 ftsubbremen https://doi.org/10.26092/elib/1455 2022-11-09T07:10:24Z Snow is a key factor in the sea-ice and Earth's climate systems that modifies the physical, climatic, and biogeochemical processes taking place. One of its most important impacts is in regulating sea-ice growth and melt. Despite its importance, little is known about the spatial and temporal distribution of snow depth on sea ice on the regional to global scales. Snow is tightly coupled to the highly dynamic sea-ice and atmospheric conditions and it is, therefore, very heterogeneous and constantly evolving both in space and in time. As a spatially and temporally representative, global, year-round product of snow depth observations on sea ice does not exist to this date, applications often have to rely on climatological values that do not necessarily hold true in the rapidly warming global climate. The unknown properties directly translate into the uncertainty of the result. This dissertation takes on the ambitious goal of working toward full characterisation of the snow and sea-ice layers. To achieve that, the focus is on advancing microwave radar retrievals of snow depth on sea ice. Enhanced snow depth observations will enable improving other measurements of sea-ice related parameters, most importantly sea-ice thickness, and in joint analysis of coincident sea-ice measurements estimating sea-ice bulk density becomes possible. In the first step, field experiments with ground-based C and K band pulse radars are carried out to investigate microwave penetration into the snow cover. The results show the K band microwaves expectedly reflect from the snow surface while the C band microwaves penetrate closer to the snow–sea-ice interface potentially enabling dual-frequency snow depth retrieval in less than half of the studied cases and only on first-year ice. In the second step, radar measurements of snow depth on sea ice are upscaled by using an airborne radar in the western Arctic Ocean in 2017–2019. A high-sensitivity, ultra-wideband, frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar is integrated to the instrument ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice Media SuUB Bremen (Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen) Arctic Arctic Ocean |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Media SuUB Bremen (Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen) |
op_collection_id |
ftsubbremen |
language |
English |
topic |
snow sea ice microwave remote sensing radar altimetry airborne measurements 530 530 Physics ddc:530 |
spellingShingle |
snow sea ice microwave remote sensing radar altimetry airborne measurements 530 530 Physics ddc:530 Jutila, Arttu Advancing microwave radar retrievals of snow depth on sea ice: toward full characterisation of the snow and sea-ice layers |
topic_facet |
snow sea ice microwave remote sensing radar altimetry airborne measurements 530 530 Physics ddc:530 |
description |
Snow is a key factor in the sea-ice and Earth's climate systems that modifies the physical, climatic, and biogeochemical processes taking place. One of its most important impacts is in regulating sea-ice growth and melt. Despite its importance, little is known about the spatial and temporal distribution of snow depth on sea ice on the regional to global scales. Snow is tightly coupled to the highly dynamic sea-ice and atmospheric conditions and it is, therefore, very heterogeneous and constantly evolving both in space and in time. As a spatially and temporally representative, global, year-round product of snow depth observations on sea ice does not exist to this date, applications often have to rely on climatological values that do not necessarily hold true in the rapidly warming global climate. The unknown properties directly translate into the uncertainty of the result. This dissertation takes on the ambitious goal of working toward full characterisation of the snow and sea-ice layers. To achieve that, the focus is on advancing microwave radar retrievals of snow depth on sea ice. Enhanced snow depth observations will enable improving other measurements of sea-ice related parameters, most importantly sea-ice thickness, and in joint analysis of coincident sea-ice measurements estimating sea-ice bulk density becomes possible. In the first step, field experiments with ground-based C and K band pulse radars are carried out to investigate microwave penetration into the snow cover. The results show the K band microwaves expectedly reflect from the snow surface while the C band microwaves penetrate closer to the snow–sea-ice interface potentially enabling dual-frequency snow depth retrieval in less than half of the studied cases and only on first-year ice. In the second step, radar measurements of snow depth on sea ice are upscaled by using an airborne radar in the western Arctic Ocean in 2017–2019. A high-sensitivity, ultra-wideband, frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar is integrated to the instrument ... |
author2 |
Haas, Christian Eisen, Olaf |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Jutila, Arttu |
author_facet |
Jutila, Arttu |
author_sort |
Jutila, Arttu |
title |
Advancing microwave radar retrievals of snow depth on sea ice: toward full characterisation of the snow and sea-ice layers |
title_short |
Advancing microwave radar retrievals of snow depth on sea ice: toward full characterisation of the snow and sea-ice layers |
title_full |
Advancing microwave radar retrievals of snow depth on sea ice: toward full characterisation of the snow and sea-ice layers |
title_fullStr |
Advancing microwave radar retrievals of snow depth on sea ice: toward full characterisation of the snow and sea-ice layers |
title_full_unstemmed |
Advancing microwave radar retrievals of snow depth on sea ice: toward full characterisation of the snow and sea-ice layers |
title_sort |
advancing microwave radar retrievals of snow depth on sea ice: toward full characterisation of the snow and sea-ice layers |
publisher |
Universität Bremen |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://media.suub.uni-bremen.de/handle/elib/5832 https://doi.org/10.26092/elib/1455 https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:46-elib58324 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
op_relation |
https://media.suub.uni-bremen.de/handle/elib/5832 http://dx.doi.org/10.26092/elib/1455 doi:10.26092/elib/1455 urn:nbn:de:gbv:46-elib58324 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-SA |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.26092/elib/1455 |
_version_ |
1766347759657418752 |