Identity and function of key bacterial groups in Arctic deep-sea surface sediments

• Main Author: Hoffmann, Katy
• Other Authors: Boetius, Antje, Fischer, Ulrich
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: Universität Bremen 2017
• Subjects: Core microbiome; genomics; JTB255 marine benthic group; Gammaproteobacteria; high throughput sequencing; climate change; polar region; hydrostatic pressure; enrichment; HAUSGARTEN; Fram Strait; 500; 500 Science; ddc:500; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Arktis*; Climate change
• Online Access: https://media.suub.uni-bremen.de/handle/elib/1283; https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:46-00106071-11

The deep-sea floor covers about 65% of the Earth s surface and benthic biomass is dominated by highly diverse bacterial communities. Bacterial carbon cycling in deep-sea sediments plays a crucial role in global biogeochemical cycles, and remineralization efficiency of organic carbon can be more than 97%. However, key bacteria relevant for carbon turnover and ecosystem functioning remain unknown. Benthic bacteria mainly depend on organic carbon supply from the surface ocean, and will therefore likely be affected by changing surface ocean conditions. The Arctic Ocean is already impacted by environmental changes more rapidly here than in any other ocean region and will be impacted even more in the future. This turns the Arctic Ocean into an important study site to understand the effects of environmental changes on bacterial communities and ecosystem functioning, such as carbon cycling. At the same time, the Arctic Ocean remains to a large extent understudied, and little is known about the identity of key bacterial groups, which could be useful as indicators to describe the state of the ecosystem and to monitor community response to changing environmental conditions. Consequently, the goals of this thesis include the identification of indigenous key bacteria in deep-sea sediments and their metabolic potential, as well as the development of a better understanding of the specific response of Arctic deep-sea bacterial communities to changes in the supply of organic matter. The Long-Term Ecological Research site HAUSGARTEN (HG) is one out of two open ocean, long-term observatories in a polar region, and therefore provided a unique opportunity to study key bacterial groups from Arctic deep-sea sediments. Chapters I and II present one of the first characterizations of a globally sequence-abundant sediment bacterial group, the JTB255 marine benthic group (JTB255). Cell counts with newly designed probes evidenced high cell abundances in coastal (Chapter I) and deep-sea sediments (Chapter II). Labeling experiments together ...