Plant species diversity in urban areas of Northwest Siberia

• Published in: Biological Communications
• Main Authors: Koptseva, Elena, Sumina, Olga, Kirillov, Pavel, Egorov, Alexandr, Pechkin, Alexandr
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: St Petersburg State University 2021
• Subjects: urban environment; plant diversity; urban functional zones; urban vegetation; Arctic zone of Russian Federation; Arctic; Urengoy; nenets; Nenets Autonomous Okrug; Subarctic; taiga; Yamalo Nenets; Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug; Siberia
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu03.2021.204; http://hdl.handle.net/11701/32815

The flora of two towns and two settlements in the northern taiga and foresttundra of Northwest Siberia (Russia) are considered. Urban species lists are limited (61–119 vascular plant species) and mainly consist of native species with a predominance of perennial herbs. Various urban functional zones (industrial, residential, recreational, vegetable patches) differ by species composition, and this difference increases in the course of city development. In the industrial zone, vegetation composition is closer to the native flora, because of the low number of adventive species. Maximal diversity is due to decorative plants, cultivars and southern weed distribution, and is typical to residential neighborhoods. Species diversity increases mainly because of woody plants introduction. Alien species are represented generally by a small number of individuals. The severe climate and poor soils limit their abilities to spread in the Far North. Urbanization forces the reduction of aboriginal biodiversity, but in northern areas where native species have the adaptive advantage, this effect is minimal. Changes in flora since 1995 were analyzed in the town of Novy Urengoy (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia). Plant diversity increased by about 20 % in all functional zones, although some alien and natural species were not recorded in 2018. The study was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research–Yamal (Project No 19- 416-890002) and the State Contract of the Department of Science and Innovation of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District No 01-15 / 4 “Study of the processes of adaptation of deciduous and coniferous species in the Arctic and subarctic climatic zones, reclamation of disturbed lands” and the grant of Saint Petersburg State University No 28612627 “Urbanized ecosystems of the Russian Arctic: dynamics, state and sustainable development”.