Phylogenetic biogeography of Hamamelidaceae s. l. based on molecular data

• Published in: Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences
• Main Authors: Bobrov, Alexey V., Roslov, Maxim S., Romanov, Mikhail S.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Russian
• Published: St Petersburg State University 2020
• Subjects: Altingiaceae; biogeography; disjunct distribution; dispersal history; divergence times; Hamamelidaceae; phylogeny; Bering Land Bridge; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2020.201; http://hdl.handle.net/11701/19059

The Hamamelidaceae s. l. consists of 27–31 genera and about 100 species that are disjunctly distributed in Western, Southern, Eastern and Southeast Asia, North, Central and South America, Eastern Africa and Northeastern Australia. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed among the 51 species from 28 genera of Hamamelidaceae s. l. and 4 outgroups — Itea chinensis (Iteaceae), Paeonia brownii and P. lactiflora (Paeoniaceae), Cercidiphyllum japonicum (Cercidiphyllaceae) and Daphniphyllum oldhamii (Daphniphyllaceae) as the outgroup. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. Six sequences were used in the molecular analysis including one nuclear (ITS–5.8S rRNA) and five chloroplast (matK, rbcL, trnL–trnF, psaA–ycf3, psbA–trnH) DNA. The results indicate that Hamamelidaceae s. 1. forms a paraphyletic clade, but Altingiaceae and Hamamelidaceae s. s. are monophyletic. Based on the calibration of the phylogenetic tree with fossil records, a hypothesis is proposed on the phylogenetic biogeography of Hamamelidaceae s. 1. It is supposed that Altingiaceae originated in North America 95 mya and spread first to Eastern Asia across the Bering Land Bridge, and then to Europe across the North Atlantic Land Bridge. The Hamamelidaceae s. s. separated from Altingiaceae about 90 mya in Europe and has a complex biogeographical history, which includes dispersal to Africa and Madagascar, Australia, and four independent cases of dispersal to North America of taxa from different Hamamelidoideae tribes. The work was carried out within the state assignment of Lomonosov Moscow State University (No. АААА-А16-116032810082-6) and Main Botanical Garden (No. 18-118021490111-5) at the Unique Scientific Installation Fund Greenhouse.