Sources, emissions, and occurrence of chlorinated paraffins in Stockholm, Sweden
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. They fulfill all of the criteria (persistent, toxic, and subject to long-range transport) for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) according to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). CPs are also under conside...
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Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM)
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ftstockholmuniv:oai:DiVA.org:su-43559 2023-05-15T15:16:34+02:00 Sources, emissions, and occurrence of chlorinated paraffins in Stockholm, Sweden Fridén, Ulrika E. 2010 application/pdf http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-43559 eng eng Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM) Stockholm : Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-43559 urn:isbn:978-91-7447-162-5 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Chlorinated paraffins CPs polychlorinated n-alkanes PCAs Air Dust Analysis Exposure Emissions Environmental Sciences Miljövetenskap Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis text 2010 ftstockholmuniv 2023-02-23T21:42:20Z Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. They fulfill all of the criteria (persistent, toxic, and subject to long-range transport) for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) according to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). CPs are also under consideration for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on POPs. Their presence has been shown in various environmental matrices in the industrialized parts of the world, as well as in remote regions such as the Arctic. The aim of this thesis was to increase the limited knowledge of the presence of CPs in the environment, their sources to the environment, and the resulting human exposure. An analytical procedure for the determination of CPs in environmental samples based on gas chromatography coupled to electron capture detection (GC-ECD) has been developed. GC-ECD is a relatively inexpensive instrument that is fast and easy to operate. These advantages open up the possibility for a comprehensive screening of the occurrence of CPs in the environment, including developing countries. Furthermore, the occurrence of CPs in ambient air and in indoor air and dust was studied. Elevated CP concentrations in indoor air (<5-210 ng/m3) were observed compared to ambient air (0.7-33 ng/m3), which is indicative of the presence of indoor emission sources. Indoor air and dust concentrations were used to estimate the human exposure to CPs via the indoor environment. Comparison of the estimates to available dietary intake estimates indicated that the indoor exposure pathways are not negligible. CP concentrations in ambient air from urban Stockholm were higher than in rural Aspvreten, Sweden. This indicates the presence of additional (emission) sources in urban areas compared to rural sites. Additionally, a seasonal variation of air concentrations was observed at both locations, suggesting temperature dependent emission sources for CPs. These observations were supported by a substance flow analysis of CPs performed for Stockholm. This study ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Arctic Stockholm University: Publications (DiVA) Arctic |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Stockholm University: Publications (DiVA) |
op_collection_id |
ftstockholmuniv |
language |
English |
topic |
Chlorinated paraffins CPs polychlorinated n-alkanes PCAs Air Dust Analysis Exposure Emissions Environmental Sciences Miljövetenskap |
spellingShingle |
Chlorinated paraffins CPs polychlorinated n-alkanes PCAs Air Dust Analysis Exposure Emissions Environmental Sciences Miljövetenskap Fridén, Ulrika E. Sources, emissions, and occurrence of chlorinated paraffins in Stockholm, Sweden |
topic_facet |
Chlorinated paraffins CPs polychlorinated n-alkanes PCAs Air Dust Analysis Exposure Emissions Environmental Sciences Miljövetenskap |
description |
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. They fulfill all of the criteria (persistent, toxic, and subject to long-range transport) for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) according to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). CPs are also under consideration for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on POPs. Their presence has been shown in various environmental matrices in the industrialized parts of the world, as well as in remote regions such as the Arctic. The aim of this thesis was to increase the limited knowledge of the presence of CPs in the environment, their sources to the environment, and the resulting human exposure. An analytical procedure for the determination of CPs in environmental samples based on gas chromatography coupled to electron capture detection (GC-ECD) has been developed. GC-ECD is a relatively inexpensive instrument that is fast and easy to operate. These advantages open up the possibility for a comprehensive screening of the occurrence of CPs in the environment, including developing countries. Furthermore, the occurrence of CPs in ambient air and in indoor air and dust was studied. Elevated CP concentrations in indoor air (<5-210 ng/m3) were observed compared to ambient air (0.7-33 ng/m3), which is indicative of the presence of indoor emission sources. Indoor air and dust concentrations were used to estimate the human exposure to CPs via the indoor environment. Comparison of the estimates to available dietary intake estimates indicated that the indoor exposure pathways are not negligible. CP concentrations in ambient air from urban Stockholm were higher than in rural Aspvreten, Sweden. This indicates the presence of additional (emission) sources in urban areas compared to rural sites. Additionally, a seasonal variation of air concentrations was observed at both locations, suggesting temperature dependent emission sources for CPs. These observations were supported by a substance flow analysis of CPs performed for Stockholm. This study ... |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Fridén, Ulrika E. |
author_facet |
Fridén, Ulrika E. |
author_sort |
Fridén, Ulrika E. |
title |
Sources, emissions, and occurrence of chlorinated paraffins in Stockholm, Sweden |
title_short |
Sources, emissions, and occurrence of chlorinated paraffins in Stockholm, Sweden |
title_full |
Sources, emissions, and occurrence of chlorinated paraffins in Stockholm, Sweden |
title_fullStr |
Sources, emissions, and occurrence of chlorinated paraffins in Stockholm, Sweden |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sources, emissions, and occurrence of chlorinated paraffins in Stockholm, Sweden |
title_sort |
sources, emissions, and occurrence of chlorinated paraffins in stockholm, sweden |
publisher |
Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM) |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-43559 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_relation |
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-43559 urn:isbn:978-91-7447-162-5 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
_version_ |
1766346860318949376 |