Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones : insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations
A negative extratropical shortwave cloud feedback driven by changes in cloud optical depth is a feature of global climate models (GCMs). A robust positive trend in observed liquid water path (LWP) over the last two decades across the warming Southern Ocean supports the negative shortwave cloud feedb...
Published in: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Stockholms universitet, Meteorologiska institutionen (MISU)
2019
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-166783 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1147-2019 |
id |
ftstockholmuniv:oai:DiVA.org:su-166783 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftstockholmuniv:oai:DiVA.org:su-166783 2023-05-15T18:25:22+02:00 Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones : insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations McCoy, Daniel T. Field, Paul R. Elsaesser, Gregory S. Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro Kahn, Brian H. Zelinka, Mark D. Kodama, Chihiro Mauritsen, Thorsten Vanniere, Benoit Roberts, Malcolm Vidale, Pier L. Saint-Martin, David Voldoire, Aurore Haarsma, Rein Hill, Adrian Shipway, Ben Wilkinson, Jonathan 2019 application/pdf http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-166783 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1147-2019 eng eng Stockholms universitet, Meteorologiska institutionen (MISU) Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics, 1680-7316, 2019, 19:2, s. 1147-1172 orcid:0000-0002-6570-5445 orcid:0000-0003-1418-4077 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-166783 doi:10.5194/acp-19-1147-2019 ISI:000457256500001 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap Article in journal info:eu-repo/semantics/article text 2019 ftstockholmuniv https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1147-2019 2023-02-23T21:43:46Z A negative extratropical shortwave cloud feedback driven by changes in cloud optical depth is a feature of global climate models (GCMs). A robust positive trend in observed liquid water path (LWP) over the last two decades across the warming Southern Ocean supports the negative shortwave cloud feedback predicted by GCMs. This feature has been proposed to be due to transitions from ice to liquid with warming. To gain insight into the shortwave cloud feedback we examine extratropical cyclone variability and the response of extratropical cyclones to transient warming in GCM simulations. Multi-Sensor Advanced Climatology Liquid Water Path (MAC-LWP) microwave observations of cyclone properties from the period 1992-2015 are contrasted with GCM simulations, with horizontal resolutions ranging from 7 km to hundreds of kilometers. We find that inter-cyclone variability in LWP in both observations and models is strongly driven by the moisture flux along the cyclone's warm conveyor belt (WCB). Stronger WCB moisture flux enhances the LWP within cyclones. This relation-ship is replicated in GCMs, although its strength varies substantially across models. It is found that more than 80% of the enhancement in Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropical cyclone LWP in GCMs in response to a transient 4K warming can be predicted based on the relationship between the WCB moisture flux and cyclone LWP in the historical climate and their change in moisture flux between the historical and warmed climates. Further, it is found that that the robust trend in cyclone LWP over the Southern Ocean in observations and GCMs is consistent with changes in the moisture flux. We propose two cloud feedbacks acting within extratropical cyclones: a negative feedback driven by Clausius-Clapeyron increasing water vapor path (WVP), which enhances the amount of water vapor available to be fluxed into the cyclone, and a feedback moderated by changes in the life cycle and vorticity of cyclones under warming, which changes the rate at which existing moisture is ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean Stockholm University: Publications (DiVA) Southern Ocean Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19 2 1147 1172 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Stockholm University: Publications (DiVA) |
op_collection_id |
ftstockholmuniv |
language |
English |
topic |
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap |
spellingShingle |
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap McCoy, Daniel T. Field, Paul R. Elsaesser, Gregory S. Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro Kahn, Brian H. Zelinka, Mark D. Kodama, Chihiro Mauritsen, Thorsten Vanniere, Benoit Roberts, Malcolm Vidale, Pier L. Saint-Martin, David Voldoire, Aurore Haarsma, Rein Hill, Adrian Shipway, Ben Wilkinson, Jonathan Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones : insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations |
topic_facet |
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap |
description |
A negative extratropical shortwave cloud feedback driven by changes in cloud optical depth is a feature of global climate models (GCMs). A robust positive trend in observed liquid water path (LWP) over the last two decades across the warming Southern Ocean supports the negative shortwave cloud feedback predicted by GCMs. This feature has been proposed to be due to transitions from ice to liquid with warming. To gain insight into the shortwave cloud feedback we examine extratropical cyclone variability and the response of extratropical cyclones to transient warming in GCM simulations. Multi-Sensor Advanced Climatology Liquid Water Path (MAC-LWP) microwave observations of cyclone properties from the period 1992-2015 are contrasted with GCM simulations, with horizontal resolutions ranging from 7 km to hundreds of kilometers. We find that inter-cyclone variability in LWP in both observations and models is strongly driven by the moisture flux along the cyclone's warm conveyor belt (WCB). Stronger WCB moisture flux enhances the LWP within cyclones. This relation-ship is replicated in GCMs, although its strength varies substantially across models. It is found that more than 80% of the enhancement in Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropical cyclone LWP in GCMs in response to a transient 4K warming can be predicted based on the relationship between the WCB moisture flux and cyclone LWP in the historical climate and their change in moisture flux between the historical and warmed climates. Further, it is found that that the robust trend in cyclone LWP over the Southern Ocean in observations and GCMs is consistent with changes in the moisture flux. We propose two cloud feedbacks acting within extratropical cyclones: a negative feedback driven by Clausius-Clapeyron increasing water vapor path (WVP), which enhances the amount of water vapor available to be fluxed into the cyclone, and a feedback moderated by changes in the life cycle and vorticity of cyclones under warming, which changes the rate at which existing moisture is ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
McCoy, Daniel T. Field, Paul R. Elsaesser, Gregory S. Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro Kahn, Brian H. Zelinka, Mark D. Kodama, Chihiro Mauritsen, Thorsten Vanniere, Benoit Roberts, Malcolm Vidale, Pier L. Saint-Martin, David Voldoire, Aurore Haarsma, Rein Hill, Adrian Shipway, Ben Wilkinson, Jonathan |
author_facet |
McCoy, Daniel T. Field, Paul R. Elsaesser, Gregory S. Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro Kahn, Brian H. Zelinka, Mark D. Kodama, Chihiro Mauritsen, Thorsten Vanniere, Benoit Roberts, Malcolm Vidale, Pier L. Saint-Martin, David Voldoire, Aurore Haarsma, Rein Hill, Adrian Shipway, Ben Wilkinson, Jonathan |
author_sort |
McCoy, Daniel T. |
title |
Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones : insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations |
title_short |
Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones : insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations |
title_full |
Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones : insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations |
title_fullStr |
Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones : insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones : insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations |
title_sort |
cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones : insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations |
publisher |
Stockholms universitet, Meteorologiska institutionen (MISU) |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-166783 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1147-2019 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics, 1680-7316, 2019, 19:2, s. 1147-1172 orcid:0000-0002-6570-5445 orcid:0000-0003-1418-4077 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-166783 doi:10.5194/acp-19-1147-2019 ISI:000457256500001 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1147-2019 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
1147 |
op_container_end_page |
1172 |
_version_ |
1766206783230050304 |