Isotope-based source apportionment of black carbon aerosols in the Eurasian Arctic

• Main Author: Winiger, Patrik
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljövetenskap och analytisk kemi 2016
• Subjects: Black Carbon; Radiocarbon; Air Pollution; Arctic Amplification; Climate Change; Arctic Haze; Atmospheric Transport Modeling; Emission Inventory; Carbon Isotopes; Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences; Meteorologi och atmosfärforskning; Abisko; Arctic; Ari; Norway; Svalbard; Tiksi; black carbon; Climate change; Northern Sweden
• Online Access: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-134577

Aerosols change the Earth's energy balance. Black carbon (BC) aerosols are a product of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass burning and cause a net warming through aerosol radiation interactions (ari) and aerosol cloud interactions (aci). BC aerosols have potentially strong implications on the Arctic climate, yet the net global climate effect of BC is very uncertain. Best estimates assume a net warming effect, roughly half to that of CO2. However, the time scales during which CO2 emissions affect the global climate are on the order of hundreds of years, while BC is a short-lived climate pollutant (SLCP) with atmospheric life times of days to weeks. Climate models or atmospheric transport models struggle to emulate the seasonality and amplitude of BC concentrations in the Arctic, which are low in summer and high in winter/spring during the so called Arctic haze season. The high uncertainties regarding BC's climate impact are not only related to ari and aci, but also due to model parameterizations of BC lifetime and transport, and the highly uncertain estimates of global and regional BC emissions. Given the high uncertainties in technology-based emission inventories (EI), there is a need for an observation-based assessment of sources of BC in the atmosphere. We study short-term and long-term observations of elemental carbon (EC), the mass-based analog of optically-defined BC. EC aerosol concentrations and carbon-isotope-based (δ13C and ∆14C) sources were constrained (top-down) for three Arctic receptor sites in Abisko (northern Sweden), Tiksi (East Siberian Russia), and Zeppelin (on Svalbard, Norway). The radiocarbon (∆14C) signature allows to draw conclusion on the EC sources (fossil fuels vs. biomass burning) with high accuracy (<5% variation). Stable carbon isotopic fingerprints (δ13C) give qualitative information of the consumed fuel type, i.e. coal, C3-plants (wood), liquid fossil fuels (diesel) or gas flaring (methane and non-methane hydrocarbons). These fingerprints can be used in ...