19世紀末アメリカにおけるアイルランド人移民の家族構造

• Main Authors: 清水 由文, Yoshifumi Shimizu, 桃山学院大学社会学部
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Japanese
• Published: 2008
• Subjects: 人口センサス; アメリカ; アイルランド人移民; 家族構造; NAPP; Napp; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://stars.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=1368; http://id.nii.ac.jp/1420/00001325/; https://stars.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=1368&item_no=1&attribute_id=21&file_no=1

The present paper sets out to clarify the characteristics of Irish immigrants in America in the late 19th century by comparing the family system of the Ireland-born immigrants to that of American-born citizens, and by examining the pull and push factors for Irish immigrants, from the theoretical perspective of family strategies. I propose a hypothesis that in Ireland, simple family households based on the partible inheritance system were dominant in the early 19th century but after the Great Famine in 1845 they shifted to extended family households or multiple family households based on the arranged marriage/dowry system and impartible inheritance. Meanwhile, the Irish-American immigrants, who had lived in extended family households or multiple family households in their home country, formed simple family households in America, their host country, adjusting themselves to American communities. The head and members of each household adopted a family strategy in which all family members should have jobs, to pursue their well-being. To verify this hypothesis, I used the 1880 census data of the NAPP (North Atlantic Population Project) issued by the Minnesota Population Center to analyze the Irish immigrant families in America, with the following results: The population of Ireland decreased by 3 million between 1841 and 1881. Many poor people emigrated to America, where they formed ghettos and got jobs similar to those they had in Ireland. It seems that such immigration took place due to the push factors associated with the change in the family system in Ireland after the Great Famine and the pull factors along with the industrial revolution in America around 1850. First, it was found that most Irish immigrants lived in areas of the Middle Atlantic (44.1%), New England (19.7%), East North Central (16.4%) and West North Central (9.2%). By state, New York received the largest number of Irish immigrants, accounting for 26.6%, followed by Pennsylvania with 13.5%, Ohio with 6.8% and Massachusetts with 6.7%. Secondly, it ...