Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey : estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon
Ecosystem-based management (EBM) of marine resources attempts to conserve interacting species. In contrast to single-species fisheries management, EBM aims to identify and resolve conflicting objectives for different species. Such a conflict may be emerging in the northeastern Pacific for southern r...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3456 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 |
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ftstandrewserep:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/3456 2023-07-02T03:32:50+02:00 Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey : estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon Williams, Robert Krkošek, Martin Ashe, Erin Branch, Trevor A Clark, Stephen Hammond, Philip Steven Hoyt, Eric Noren, Dawn P Rosen, David Winship, Arliss University of St Andrews. School of Biology University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit 2013-04-02T10:31:01Z application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3456 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 eng eng PLoS One Williams , R , Krkošek , M , Ashe , E , Branch , T A , Clark , S , Hammond , P S , Hoyt , E , Noren , D P , Rosen , D & Winship , A 2011 , ' Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey : estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon ' , PLoS One , vol. 6 , no. 11 , e26738 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 1932-6203 PURE: 15970190 PURE UUID: e15cf93d-2196-4e43-8487-2340e8c543cf Scopus: 80655139020 WOS: 000297350800012 ORCID: /0000-0002-2381-8302/work/47531622 http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3456 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 © 2011 Williams et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. QL Zoology SDG 14 - Life Below Water QL Journal article 2013 ftstandrewserep https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 2023-06-13T18:29:38Z Ecosystem-based management (EBM) of marine resources attempts to conserve interacting species. In contrast to single-species fisheries management, EBM aims to identify and resolve conflicting objectives for different species. Such a conflict may be emerging in the northeastern Pacific for southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) and their primary prey, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Both species have at-risk conservation status and transboundary (Canada–US) ranges. We modeled individual killer whale prey requirements from feeding and growth records of captive killer whales and morphometric data from historic live-capture fishery and whaling records worldwide. The models, combined with caloric value of salmon, and demographic and diet data for wild killer whales, allow us to predict salmon quantities needed to maintain and recover this killer whale population, which numbered 87 individuals in 2009. Our analyses provide new information on cost of lactation and new parameter estimates for other killer whale populations globally. Prey requirements of southern resident killer whales are difficult to reconcile with fisheries and conservation objectives for Chinook salmon, because the number of fish required is large relative to annual returns and fishery catches. For instance, a U.S. recovery goal (2.3% annual population growth of killer whales over 28 years) implies a 75% increase in energetic requirements. Reducing salmon fisheries may serve as a temporary mitigation measure to allow time for management actions to improve salmon productivity to take effect. As ecosystem-based fishery management becomes more prevalent, trade-offs between conservation objectives for predators and prey will become increasingly necessary. Our approach offers scenarios to compare relative influence of various sources of uncertainty on the resulting consumption estimates to prioritise future research efforts, and a general approach for assessing the extent of conflict between conservation objectives for threatened or ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository Canada Pacific PLoS ONE 6 11 e26738 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftstandrewserep |
language |
English |
topic |
QL Zoology SDG 14 - Life Below Water QL |
spellingShingle |
QL Zoology SDG 14 - Life Below Water QL Williams, Robert Krkošek, Martin Ashe, Erin Branch, Trevor A Clark, Stephen Hammond, Philip Steven Hoyt, Eric Noren, Dawn P Rosen, David Winship, Arliss Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey : estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon |
topic_facet |
QL Zoology SDG 14 - Life Below Water QL |
description |
Ecosystem-based management (EBM) of marine resources attempts to conserve interacting species. In contrast to single-species fisheries management, EBM aims to identify and resolve conflicting objectives for different species. Such a conflict may be emerging in the northeastern Pacific for southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) and their primary prey, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Both species have at-risk conservation status and transboundary (Canada–US) ranges. We modeled individual killer whale prey requirements from feeding and growth records of captive killer whales and morphometric data from historic live-capture fishery and whaling records worldwide. The models, combined with caloric value of salmon, and demographic and diet data for wild killer whales, allow us to predict salmon quantities needed to maintain and recover this killer whale population, which numbered 87 individuals in 2009. Our analyses provide new information on cost of lactation and new parameter estimates for other killer whale populations globally. Prey requirements of southern resident killer whales are difficult to reconcile with fisheries and conservation objectives for Chinook salmon, because the number of fish required is large relative to annual returns and fishery catches. For instance, a U.S. recovery goal (2.3% annual population growth of killer whales over 28 years) implies a 75% increase in energetic requirements. Reducing salmon fisheries may serve as a temporary mitigation measure to allow time for management actions to improve salmon productivity to take effect. As ecosystem-based fishery management becomes more prevalent, trade-offs between conservation objectives for predators and prey will become increasingly necessary. Our approach offers scenarios to compare relative influence of various sources of uncertainty on the resulting consumption estimates to prioritise future research efforts, and a general approach for assessing the extent of conflict between conservation objectives for threatened or ... |
author2 |
University of St Andrews. School of Biology University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Williams, Robert Krkošek, Martin Ashe, Erin Branch, Trevor A Clark, Stephen Hammond, Philip Steven Hoyt, Eric Noren, Dawn P Rosen, David Winship, Arliss |
author_facet |
Williams, Robert Krkošek, Martin Ashe, Erin Branch, Trevor A Clark, Stephen Hammond, Philip Steven Hoyt, Eric Noren, Dawn P Rosen, David Winship, Arliss |
author_sort |
Williams, Robert |
title |
Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey : estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon |
title_short |
Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey : estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon |
title_full |
Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey : estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon |
title_fullStr |
Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey : estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon |
title_full_unstemmed |
Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey : estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon |
title_sort |
competing conservation objectives for predators and prey : estimating killer whale prey requirements for chinook salmon |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3456 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 |
geographic |
Canada Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Canada Pacific |
genre |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
genre_facet |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
op_relation |
PLoS One Williams , R , Krkošek , M , Ashe , E , Branch , T A , Clark , S , Hammond , P S , Hoyt , E , Noren , D P , Rosen , D & Winship , A 2011 , ' Competing conservation objectives for predators and prey : estimating killer whale prey requirements for Chinook salmon ' , PLoS One , vol. 6 , no. 11 , e26738 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 1932-6203 PURE: 15970190 PURE UUID: e15cf93d-2196-4e43-8487-2340e8c543cf Scopus: 80655139020 WOS: 000297350800012 ORCID: /0000-0002-2381-8302/work/47531622 http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3456 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 |
op_rights |
© 2011 Williams et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 |
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PLoS ONE |
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6 |
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11 |
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