Transcriptomic stability or lability explains sensitivity to climate stressors in coralline algae

• Published in: BMC Genomics
• Main Authors: Page, Tessa M, McDougall, Carmel, Bar, Ido, Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo
• Other Authors: University of St Andrews. School of Biology
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2023
• Subjects: Animals; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Seawater/chemistry; Climate Change; Transcriptome; Coral Reefs; Rhodophyta/genetics; Anthozoa/genetics; Oceans and Seas; GE Environmental Sciences; QL Zoology; DAS; SDG 13 - Climate Action; SDG 14 - Life Below Water; MCC; GE; QL; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/10023/27115; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08931-9

Funding: This work was supported by the Australian Research council [grant number DP160103071] awarded to GD-P and partially by the PADI Foundation awarded to TMP. Background: Crustose coralline algae (CCA) are calcifying red macroalgae that play important ecological roles including stabilisation of reef frameworks and provision of settlement cues for a range of marine invertebrates. Previous research into the responses of CCA to ocean warming (OW) and ocean acidification (OA) have found magnitude of effect to be species-specific. Response to OW and OA could be linked to divergent underlying molecular processes across species. Results: Here we show Sporolithon durum, a species that exhibits low sensitivity to climate stressors, had little change in metabolic performance and did not significantly alter the expression of any genes when exposed to temperature and pH perturbations. In contrast, Porolithon onkodes, a major coral reef builder, reduced photosynthetic rates and had a labile transcriptomic response with over 400 significantly differentially expressed genes, with differential regulation of genes relating to physiological processes such as carbon acquisition and metabolism. The differential gene expression detected in P. onkodes implicates possible key metabolic pathways, including the pentose phosphate pathway, in the stress response of this species. Conclusions: We suggest S. durum is more resistant to OW and OA than P. onkodes, which demonstrated a high sensitivity to climate stressors and may have limited ability for acclimatisation. Understanding changes in gene expression in relation to physiological processes of CCA could help us understand and predict how different species will respond to, and persist in, future ocean conditions predicted for 2100. Peer reviewed