The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival
Atlantic salmon have declined markedly in the past 20-30 years throughout their range. Much of the focus for this decline has been on increased mortality during the marine phase of the life cycle. However, marine mortality does not operate independently of factors acting in freshwater and the biolog...
Published in: | ICES Journal of Marine Science |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2012
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2603 https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr208 |
id |
ftstandrewserep:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/2603 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftstandrewserep:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/2603 2023-07-02T03:31:42+02:00 The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival Russell, Ian Aprahamian, Miran Barry, Jon Davidson, Ian Fiske, Peder Ibbotson, Anton Kennedy, Richard Maclean, Julian Moore, Andrew Otero, Jaime Potter, Ted Todd, Christopher David University of St Andrews. School of Biology University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland 2012-05-12T00:16:08Z 11 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2603 https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr208 eng eng ICES Journal of Marine Science Russell , I , Aprahamian , M , Barry , J , Davidson , I , Fiske , P , Ibbotson , A , Kennedy , R , Maclean , J , Moore , A , Otero , J , Potter , T & Todd , C D 2012 , ' The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival ' , ICES Journal of Marine Science , vol. 69 , no. 9 , pp. 1563-1573 . https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr208 1054-3139 PURE: 20557865 PURE UUID: e8085e38-7d2f-472c-afba-f80d288b6793 Scopus: 84867554318 WOS: 000309877600004 ORCID: /0000-0002-9690-2839/work/60427266 http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2603 https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr208 (c) Crown copyright 2012, available under the terms of the Open Government Licence (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/) Atlantic salmon Biological characteristics Climate change Freshwater Marine survival Smolts QH301 Biology SDG 13 - Climate Action SDG 14 - Life Below Water QH301 Journal article 2012 ftstandrewserep https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr208 2023-06-13T18:28:13Z Atlantic salmon have declined markedly in the past 20-30 years throughout their range. Much of the focus for this decline has been on increased mortality during the marine phase of the life cycle. However, marine mortality does not operate independently of factors acting in freshwater and the biological characteristics of smolts migrating to sea. Over recent decades, juvenile salmon in many rivers have grown faster and migrated to sea at a younger age, and thus typically smaller. This has shortened the generation time for many individuals, and may dampen the impact of increased marine mortality, assuming expected higher in-river survival prior to smolting is not outweighed by increased mortality of smaller smolts at sea. Over the same period, smolt run-timing across the geographic range has been occurring earlier, at a rate of almost three days per decade, on average. This has given rise to growing concerns about smolts potentially missing the optimum environmental migration “window”, the timing of which may also be changing. Contaminants and other factors operating in freshwater also impact on smolt quality with adverse consequences for their physiological readiness for life at sea. Given that managers have very limited ability to influence the broad scale factors limiting salmon survival at sea, it is vital that freshwater habitats are managed to both maximise smolt output and to minimise the impact of factors acting in freshwater which may compromise salmon once they migrate to sea. Publisher PDF Peer reviewed Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository ICES Journal of Marine Science 69 9 1563 1573 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftstandrewserep |
language |
English |
topic |
Atlantic salmon Biological characteristics Climate change Freshwater Marine survival Smolts QH301 Biology SDG 13 - Climate Action SDG 14 - Life Below Water QH301 |
spellingShingle |
Atlantic salmon Biological characteristics Climate change Freshwater Marine survival Smolts QH301 Biology SDG 13 - Climate Action SDG 14 - Life Below Water QH301 Russell, Ian Aprahamian, Miran Barry, Jon Davidson, Ian Fiske, Peder Ibbotson, Anton Kennedy, Richard Maclean, Julian Moore, Andrew Otero, Jaime Potter, Ted Todd, Christopher David The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival |
topic_facet |
Atlantic salmon Biological characteristics Climate change Freshwater Marine survival Smolts QH301 Biology SDG 13 - Climate Action SDG 14 - Life Below Water QH301 |
description |
Atlantic salmon have declined markedly in the past 20-30 years throughout their range. Much of the focus for this decline has been on increased mortality during the marine phase of the life cycle. However, marine mortality does not operate independently of factors acting in freshwater and the biological characteristics of smolts migrating to sea. Over recent decades, juvenile salmon in many rivers have grown faster and migrated to sea at a younger age, and thus typically smaller. This has shortened the generation time for many individuals, and may dampen the impact of increased marine mortality, assuming expected higher in-river survival prior to smolting is not outweighed by increased mortality of smaller smolts at sea. Over the same period, smolt run-timing across the geographic range has been occurring earlier, at a rate of almost three days per decade, on average. This has given rise to growing concerns about smolts potentially missing the optimum environmental migration “window”, the timing of which may also be changing. Contaminants and other factors operating in freshwater also impact on smolt quality with adverse consequences for their physiological readiness for life at sea. Given that managers have very limited ability to influence the broad scale factors limiting salmon survival at sea, it is vital that freshwater habitats are managed to both maximise smolt output and to minimise the impact of factors acting in freshwater which may compromise salmon once they migrate to sea. Publisher PDF Peer reviewed |
author2 |
University of St Andrews. School of Biology University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Russell, Ian Aprahamian, Miran Barry, Jon Davidson, Ian Fiske, Peder Ibbotson, Anton Kennedy, Richard Maclean, Julian Moore, Andrew Otero, Jaime Potter, Ted Todd, Christopher David |
author_facet |
Russell, Ian Aprahamian, Miran Barry, Jon Davidson, Ian Fiske, Peder Ibbotson, Anton Kennedy, Richard Maclean, Julian Moore, Andrew Otero, Jaime Potter, Ted Todd, Christopher David |
author_sort |
Russell, Ian |
title |
The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival |
title_short |
The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival |
title_full |
The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival |
title_fullStr |
The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival |
title_full_unstemmed |
The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival |
title_sort |
influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2603 https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr208 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_relation |
ICES Journal of Marine Science Russell , I , Aprahamian , M , Barry , J , Davidson , I , Fiske , P , Ibbotson , A , Kennedy , R , Maclean , J , Moore , A , Otero , J , Potter , T & Todd , C D 2012 , ' The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival ' , ICES Journal of Marine Science , vol. 69 , no. 9 , pp. 1563-1573 . https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr208 1054-3139 PURE: 20557865 PURE UUID: e8085e38-7d2f-472c-afba-f80d288b6793 Scopus: 84867554318 WOS: 000309877600004 ORCID: /0000-0002-9690-2839/work/60427266 http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2603 https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr208 |
op_rights |
(c) Crown copyright 2012, available under the terms of the Open Government Licence (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr208 |
container_title |
ICES Journal of Marine Science |
container_volume |
69 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
1563 |
op_container_end_page |
1573 |
_version_ |
1770271075535421440 |