Rapid fragmentation of Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf
Funding: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF: grant nos. 1738896 and 1929991) and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC: grant no. NE/S006605/1). Rupert Gladstone is supported by Academy of Finland (grant no. 322430), Thomas Zwinger by grant no. 322978. Ice shelves play...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10023/25709 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2545-2022 |
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ftstandrewserep:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/25709 2023-08-27T04:04:30+02:00 Rapid fragmentation of Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf Benn, Douglas I. Luckman, Adrian Åström, Jan A. Crawford, Anna J. Cornford, Stephen L. Bevan, Suzanne L. Zwinger, Thomas Gladstone, Rupert Alley, Karen Pettit, Erin Bassis, Jeremy NERC University of St Andrews. Environmental Change Research Group University of St Andrews. Bell-Edwards Geographic Data Institute University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development 2022-07-26T14:30:02Z 20 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10023/25709 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2545-2022 eng eng Cryosphere Benn , D I , Luckman , A , Åström , J A , Crawford , A J , Cornford , S L , Bevan , S L , Zwinger , T , Gladstone , R , Alley , K , Pettit , E & Bassis , J 2022 , ' Rapid fragmentation of Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf ' , Cryosphere , vol. 16 , no. 6 , pp. 2545-2564 . https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2545-2022 1994-0416 PURE: 280603558 PURE UUID: 8ba30c26-64fd-429a-9e54-0dcb891fcf8d RIS: urn:7C57C8589C96D72E5FB215E7DFE049B3 Scopus: 85133480871 ORCID: /0000-0002-3604-0886/work/116597788 http://hdl.handle.net/10023/25709 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2545-2022 NE/S006605/1 Copyright © Author(s) 2022. Open Access article. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. GB Physical geography GE Environmental Sciences 3rd-DAS SDG 14 - Life Below Water MCC GB GE Journal article 2022 ftstandrewserep https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2545-2022 2023-08-03T22:29:37Z Funding: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF: grant nos. 1738896 and 1929991) and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC: grant no. NE/S006605/1). Rupert Gladstone is supported by Academy of Finland (grant no. 322430), Thomas Zwinger by grant no. 322978. Ice shelves play a key role in the dynamics of marine ice sheets by buttressing grounded ice and limiting rates of ice flux to the oceans. In response to recent climatic and oceanic change, ice shelves fringing the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) have begun to fragment and retreat, with major implications for ice-sheet stability. Here, we focus on the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf (TEIS), the remaining pinned floating extension of Thwaites Glacier. We show that TEIS has undergone a process of fragmentation in the last 5 years, including brittle failure along a major shear zone, formation of tensile cracks on the main body of the shelf, and a release of tabular bergs on both the eastern and western flanks. Simulations with the Helsinki Discrete Element Model (HiDEM) show that this pattern of failure is associated with high backstress from a submarine pinning point at the distal edge of the shelf. We show that a significant zone of shear, upstream of the main pinning point, developed in response to the rapid acceleration of the shelf between 2002 and 2006, seeding damage on the shelf. Subsequently, basal melting and positive feedback between damage and strain rates weakened TEIS, allowing damage to accumulate. Thus, although backstress on TEIS has likely diminished over time as the pinning point shrunk, accumulation of damage has ensured that the ice in the shear zone remained the weakest link in the system. Experiments with the BISICLES ice-sheet model indicate that additional damage to or unpinning of TEIS is unlikely to trigger significantly increased ice loss from WAIS, but the calving response to the loss of TEIS remains highly uncertain. It is widely recognised that ice-shelf fragmentation and collapse can be triggered by ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Ice Sheet Ice Shelf Ice Shelves Thwaites Glacier University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository Antarctic Rupert ENVELOPE(-134.187,-134.187,59.599,59.599) Thwaites Glacier ENVELOPE(-106.750,-106.750,-75.500,-75.500) West Antarctic Ice Sheet The Cryosphere 16 6 2545 2564 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftstandrewserep |
language |
English |
topic |
GB Physical geography GE Environmental Sciences 3rd-DAS SDG 14 - Life Below Water MCC GB GE |
spellingShingle |
GB Physical geography GE Environmental Sciences 3rd-DAS SDG 14 - Life Below Water MCC GB GE Benn, Douglas I. Luckman, Adrian Åström, Jan A. Crawford, Anna J. Cornford, Stephen L. Bevan, Suzanne L. Zwinger, Thomas Gladstone, Rupert Alley, Karen Pettit, Erin Bassis, Jeremy Rapid fragmentation of Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf |
topic_facet |
GB Physical geography GE Environmental Sciences 3rd-DAS SDG 14 - Life Below Water MCC GB GE |
description |
Funding: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF: grant nos. 1738896 and 1929991) and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC: grant no. NE/S006605/1). Rupert Gladstone is supported by Academy of Finland (grant no. 322430), Thomas Zwinger by grant no. 322978. Ice shelves play a key role in the dynamics of marine ice sheets by buttressing grounded ice and limiting rates of ice flux to the oceans. In response to recent climatic and oceanic change, ice shelves fringing the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) have begun to fragment and retreat, with major implications for ice-sheet stability. Here, we focus on the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf (TEIS), the remaining pinned floating extension of Thwaites Glacier. We show that TEIS has undergone a process of fragmentation in the last 5 years, including brittle failure along a major shear zone, formation of tensile cracks on the main body of the shelf, and a release of tabular bergs on both the eastern and western flanks. Simulations with the Helsinki Discrete Element Model (HiDEM) show that this pattern of failure is associated with high backstress from a submarine pinning point at the distal edge of the shelf. We show that a significant zone of shear, upstream of the main pinning point, developed in response to the rapid acceleration of the shelf between 2002 and 2006, seeding damage on the shelf. Subsequently, basal melting and positive feedback between damage and strain rates weakened TEIS, allowing damage to accumulate. Thus, although backstress on TEIS has likely diminished over time as the pinning point shrunk, accumulation of damage has ensured that the ice in the shear zone remained the weakest link in the system. Experiments with the BISICLES ice-sheet model indicate that additional damage to or unpinning of TEIS is unlikely to trigger significantly increased ice loss from WAIS, but the calving response to the loss of TEIS remains highly uncertain. It is widely recognised that ice-shelf fragmentation and collapse can be triggered by ... |
author2 |
NERC University of St Andrews. Environmental Change Research Group University of St Andrews. Bell-Edwards Geographic Data Institute University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Benn, Douglas I. Luckman, Adrian Åström, Jan A. Crawford, Anna J. Cornford, Stephen L. Bevan, Suzanne L. Zwinger, Thomas Gladstone, Rupert Alley, Karen Pettit, Erin Bassis, Jeremy |
author_facet |
Benn, Douglas I. Luckman, Adrian Åström, Jan A. Crawford, Anna J. Cornford, Stephen L. Bevan, Suzanne L. Zwinger, Thomas Gladstone, Rupert Alley, Karen Pettit, Erin Bassis, Jeremy |
author_sort |
Benn, Douglas I. |
title |
Rapid fragmentation of Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf |
title_short |
Rapid fragmentation of Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf |
title_full |
Rapid fragmentation of Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf |
title_fullStr |
Rapid fragmentation of Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf |
title_full_unstemmed |
Rapid fragmentation of Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf |
title_sort |
rapid fragmentation of thwaites eastern ice shelf |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/25709 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2545-2022 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-134.187,-134.187,59.599,59.599) ENVELOPE(-106.750,-106.750,-75.500,-75.500) |
geographic |
Antarctic Rupert Thwaites Glacier West Antarctic Ice Sheet |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Rupert Thwaites Glacier West Antarctic Ice Sheet |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Ice Sheet Ice Shelf Ice Shelves Thwaites Glacier |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Ice Sheet Ice Shelf Ice Shelves Thwaites Glacier |
op_relation |
Cryosphere Benn , D I , Luckman , A , Åström , J A , Crawford , A J , Cornford , S L , Bevan , S L , Zwinger , T , Gladstone , R , Alley , K , Pettit , E & Bassis , J 2022 , ' Rapid fragmentation of Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf ' , Cryosphere , vol. 16 , no. 6 , pp. 2545-2564 . https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2545-2022 1994-0416 PURE: 280603558 PURE UUID: 8ba30c26-64fd-429a-9e54-0dcb891fcf8d RIS: urn:7C57C8589C96D72E5FB215E7DFE049B3 Scopus: 85133480871 ORCID: /0000-0002-3604-0886/work/116597788 http://hdl.handle.net/10023/25709 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2545-2022 NE/S006605/1 |
op_rights |
Copyright © Author(s) 2022. Open Access article. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2545-2022 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
2545 |
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2564 |
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1775351749583831040 |