Physics of melt extraction from the mantle : speed and style

Funding: This research received funding from the European Research Council under Horizon 2020 research and innovation program grant agreement number 772255. The authors thank the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences for its hospitality during the programme Melt in the Mantle which was su...

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Published in:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Main Authors: Katz, Richard F., Rees Jones, David W., Rudge, John F., Keller, Tobias
Other Authors: University of St Andrews. Applied Mathematics
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: 2022
Subjects:
QC
QE
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10023/25033
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-083704
http://www.annualreviews.org/eprint/FQQHQJSEXNDU3EXPTEVD/full/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-083704
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spelling ftstandrewserep:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/25033 2024-05-19T07:43:01+00:00 Physics of melt extraction from the mantle : speed and style Katz, Richard F. Rees Jones, David W. Rudge, John F. Keller, Tobias University of St Andrews. Applied Mathematics 2022-03-11T16:30:02Z 34 12153529 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10023/25033 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-083704 http://www.annualreviews.org/eprint/FQQHQJSEXNDU3EXPTEVD/full/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-083704 eng eng Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 277521663 5d40b59d-723d-4489-8c81-b5ec54988c22 85132307365 000804955000021 Katz , R F , Rees Jones , D W , Rudge , J F & Keller , T 2022 , ' Physics of melt extraction from the mantle : speed and style ' , Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences , vol. 50 , pp. 508-540 . https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-083704 0084-6597 ORCID: /0000-0001-8698-401X/work/109766889 https://hdl.handle.net/10023/25033 doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-083704 http://www.annualreviews.org/eprint/FQQHQJSEXNDU3EXPTEVD/full/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-083704 Magma Asthenosphere Rheology Partial melting Channelization Dunite Rock microstructure Mid-ocean ridge Subduction QC Physics QE Geology NDAS QC QE Journal article 2022 ftstandrewserep https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-083704 2024-04-30T23:32:55Z Funding: This research received funding from the European Research Council under Horizon 2020 research and innovation program grant agreement number 772255. The authors thank the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences for its hospitality during the programme Melt in the Mantle which was supported by EPSRC Grant Number EP/K032208/1. Melt extraction from the partially molten mantle is among the fundamental processes shaping the solid Earth today and over geological time. A diversity of properties and mechanisms contribute to the physics of melt extraction. We review progress of the past ∼25 years of research in this area, with a focus on understanding the speed and style of buoyancy-driven melt extraction. Observations of U-series disequilibria in young lavas and the surge of deglacial volcanism in Iceland suggest this speed is rapid compared to that predicted by the null hypothesis of diffuse porous flow. The discrepancy indicates that the style of extraction is channelized. We discuss how channelization is sensitive to mechanical and thermochemical properties and feedbacks, and to asthenospheric heterogeneity. We review the grain-scale physics that underpins these properties and hence determines the physical behavior at much larger scales. We then discuss how the speed of melt extraction is crucial to predicting the magmatic response to glacial and sea-level variations. Finally, we assess the frontier of current research and identify areas where significant advances are expected over the next 25 years. In particular, we highlight the coupling of melt extraction with more realistic models of mantle thermochemistry and rheological properties. This coupling will be crucial in understanding complex settings such as subduction zones. ▪ Mantle melt extraction shapes Earth today and over geological time. ▪ Observations, lab experiments, and theory indicate that melt ascends through the mantle at speeds ∼30 m/year by reactively channelized porous flow. ▪ Variations in sea level and glacial ice loading can ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 50 1 507 540
institution Open Polar
collection University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository
op_collection_id ftstandrewserep
language English
topic Magma
Asthenosphere
Rheology
Partial melting
Channelization
Dunite
Rock microstructure
Mid-ocean ridge
Subduction
QC Physics
QE Geology
NDAS
QC
QE
spellingShingle Magma
Asthenosphere
Rheology
Partial melting
Channelization
Dunite
Rock microstructure
Mid-ocean ridge
Subduction
QC Physics
QE Geology
NDAS
QC
QE
Katz, Richard F.
Rees Jones, David W.
Rudge, John F.
Keller, Tobias
Physics of melt extraction from the mantle : speed and style
topic_facet Magma
Asthenosphere
Rheology
Partial melting
Channelization
Dunite
Rock microstructure
Mid-ocean ridge
Subduction
QC Physics
QE Geology
NDAS
QC
QE
description Funding: This research received funding from the European Research Council under Horizon 2020 research and innovation program grant agreement number 772255. The authors thank the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences for its hospitality during the programme Melt in the Mantle which was supported by EPSRC Grant Number EP/K032208/1. Melt extraction from the partially molten mantle is among the fundamental processes shaping the solid Earth today and over geological time. A diversity of properties and mechanisms contribute to the physics of melt extraction. We review progress of the past ∼25 years of research in this area, with a focus on understanding the speed and style of buoyancy-driven melt extraction. Observations of U-series disequilibria in young lavas and the surge of deglacial volcanism in Iceland suggest this speed is rapid compared to that predicted by the null hypothesis of diffuse porous flow. The discrepancy indicates that the style of extraction is channelized. We discuss how channelization is sensitive to mechanical and thermochemical properties and feedbacks, and to asthenospheric heterogeneity. We review the grain-scale physics that underpins these properties and hence determines the physical behavior at much larger scales. We then discuss how the speed of melt extraction is crucial to predicting the magmatic response to glacial and sea-level variations. Finally, we assess the frontier of current research and identify areas where significant advances are expected over the next 25 years. In particular, we highlight the coupling of melt extraction with more realistic models of mantle thermochemistry and rheological properties. This coupling will be crucial in understanding complex settings such as subduction zones. ▪ Mantle melt extraction shapes Earth today and over geological time. ▪ Observations, lab experiments, and theory indicate that melt ascends through the mantle at speeds ∼30 m/year by reactively channelized porous flow. ▪ Variations in sea level and glacial ice loading can ...
author2 University of St Andrews. Applied Mathematics
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Katz, Richard F.
Rees Jones, David W.
Rudge, John F.
Keller, Tobias
author_facet Katz, Richard F.
Rees Jones, David W.
Rudge, John F.
Keller, Tobias
author_sort Katz, Richard F.
title Physics of melt extraction from the mantle : speed and style
title_short Physics of melt extraction from the mantle : speed and style
title_full Physics of melt extraction from the mantle : speed and style
title_fullStr Physics of melt extraction from the mantle : speed and style
title_full_unstemmed Physics of melt extraction from the mantle : speed and style
title_sort physics of melt extraction from the mantle : speed and style
publishDate 2022
url https://hdl.handle.net/10023/25033
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-083704
http://www.annualreviews.org/eprint/FQQHQJSEXNDU3EXPTEVD/full/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-083704
genre Iceland
genre_facet Iceland
op_relation Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
277521663
5d40b59d-723d-4489-8c81-b5ec54988c22
85132307365
000804955000021
Katz , R F , Rees Jones , D W , Rudge , J F & Keller , T 2022 , ' Physics of melt extraction from the mantle : speed and style ' , Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences , vol. 50 , pp. 508-540 . https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-083704
0084-6597
ORCID: /0000-0001-8698-401X/work/109766889
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/25033
doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-083704
http://www.annualreviews.org/eprint/FQQHQJSEXNDU3EXPTEVD/full/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-083704
op_doi https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-083704
container_title Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
container_volume 50
container_issue 1
container_start_page 507
op_container_end_page 540
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