The unidentified eruption of 1809 : A climatic cold case
This research has been supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Unit VolImpact (FOR2820, grant no. 398006378) within the project VolClim, the European Commission, the European Research Council (PALAEO-RA (grant no. 787574)), and the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wi...
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ftstandrewserep:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/23800 2024-02-11T10:04:48+01:00 The unidentified eruption of 1809 : A climatic cold case Timmreck, Claudia Toohey, Matthew Zanchettin, Davide Brönnimann, Stefan Lundstad, Elin Wilson, Rob University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute 2021-08-19T16:30:09Z 28 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10023/23800 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021 eng eng Climate of the Past Timmreck , C , Toohey , M , Zanchettin , D , Brönnimann , S , Lundstad , E & Wilson , R 2021 , ' The unidentified eruption of 1809 : A climatic cold case ' , Climate of the Past , vol. 17 , no. 4 , pp. 1455-1482 . https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021 1814-9324 PURE: 275502104 PURE UUID: 5377d716-66af-4394-a90e-501097e8ff46 Scopus: 85110286550 WOS: 000672856600001 ORCID: /0000-0003-4486-8904/work/151190613 http://hdl.handle.net/10023/23800 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021 Copyright © Author(s) 2021. Open Access. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. GE Environmental Sciences Global and Planetary Change Stratigraphy Palaeontology SDG 13 - Climate Action GE Journal article 2021 ftstandrewserep https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021 2024-01-25T23:29:30Z This research has been supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Unit VolImpact (FOR2820, grant no. 398006378) within the project VolClim, the European Commission, the European Research Council (PALAEO-RA (grant no. 787574)), and the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (WeaR; grant no. 188701). The "1809 eruption"is one of the most recent unidentified volcanic eruptions with a global climate impact. Even though the eruption ranks as the third largest since 1500 with a sulfur emission strength estimated to be 2 times that of the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo, not much is known of it from historic sources. Based on a compilation of instrumental and reconstructed temperature time series, we show here that tropical temperatures show a significant drop in response to the ~1809 eruption that is similar to that produced by the Mt. Tambora eruption in 1815, while the response of Northern Hemisphere (NH) boreal summer temperature is spatially heterogeneous. We test the sensitivity of the climate response simulated by the MPI Earth system model to a range of volcanic forcing estimates constructed using estimated volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections (VSSIs) and uncertainties from ice-core records. Three of the forcing reconstructions represent a tropical eruption with an approximately symmetric hemispheric aerosol spread but different forcing magnitudes, while a fourth reflects a hemispherically asymmetric scenario without volcanic forcing in the NH extratropics. Observed and reconstructed post-volcanic surface NH summer temperature anomalies lie within the range of all the scenario simulations. Therefore, assuming the model climate sensitivity is correct, the VSSI estimate is accurate within the uncertainty bounds. Comparison of observed and simulated tropical temperature anomalies suggests that the most likely VSSI for the 1809 eruption would be somewhere between 12 and 19ĝ€¯Tg of sulfur. Model results show that NH large-scale climate modes are sensitive to both ... Article in Journal/Newspaper ice core University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository Climate of the Past 17 4 1455 1482 |
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Open Polar |
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University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository |
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ftstandrewserep |
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English |
topic |
GE Environmental Sciences Global and Planetary Change Stratigraphy Palaeontology SDG 13 - Climate Action GE |
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GE Environmental Sciences Global and Planetary Change Stratigraphy Palaeontology SDG 13 - Climate Action GE Timmreck, Claudia Toohey, Matthew Zanchettin, Davide Brönnimann, Stefan Lundstad, Elin Wilson, Rob The unidentified eruption of 1809 : A climatic cold case |
topic_facet |
GE Environmental Sciences Global and Planetary Change Stratigraphy Palaeontology SDG 13 - Climate Action GE |
description |
This research has been supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Unit VolImpact (FOR2820, grant no. 398006378) within the project VolClim, the European Commission, the European Research Council (PALAEO-RA (grant no. 787574)), and the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (WeaR; grant no. 188701). The "1809 eruption"is one of the most recent unidentified volcanic eruptions with a global climate impact. Even though the eruption ranks as the third largest since 1500 with a sulfur emission strength estimated to be 2 times that of the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo, not much is known of it from historic sources. Based on a compilation of instrumental and reconstructed temperature time series, we show here that tropical temperatures show a significant drop in response to the ~1809 eruption that is similar to that produced by the Mt. Tambora eruption in 1815, while the response of Northern Hemisphere (NH) boreal summer temperature is spatially heterogeneous. We test the sensitivity of the climate response simulated by the MPI Earth system model to a range of volcanic forcing estimates constructed using estimated volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections (VSSIs) and uncertainties from ice-core records. Three of the forcing reconstructions represent a tropical eruption with an approximately symmetric hemispheric aerosol spread but different forcing magnitudes, while a fourth reflects a hemispherically asymmetric scenario without volcanic forcing in the NH extratropics. Observed and reconstructed post-volcanic surface NH summer temperature anomalies lie within the range of all the scenario simulations. Therefore, assuming the model climate sensitivity is correct, the VSSI estimate is accurate within the uncertainty bounds. Comparison of observed and simulated tropical temperature anomalies suggests that the most likely VSSI for the 1809 eruption would be somewhere between 12 and 19ĝ€¯Tg of sulfur. Model results show that NH large-scale climate modes are sensitive to both ... |
author2 |
University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Timmreck, Claudia Toohey, Matthew Zanchettin, Davide Brönnimann, Stefan Lundstad, Elin Wilson, Rob |
author_facet |
Timmreck, Claudia Toohey, Matthew Zanchettin, Davide Brönnimann, Stefan Lundstad, Elin Wilson, Rob |
author_sort |
Timmreck, Claudia |
title |
The unidentified eruption of 1809 : A climatic cold case |
title_short |
The unidentified eruption of 1809 : A climatic cold case |
title_full |
The unidentified eruption of 1809 : A climatic cold case |
title_fullStr |
The unidentified eruption of 1809 : A climatic cold case |
title_full_unstemmed |
The unidentified eruption of 1809 : A climatic cold case |
title_sort |
unidentified eruption of 1809 : a climatic cold case |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/23800 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021 |
genre |
ice core |
genre_facet |
ice core |
op_relation |
Climate of the Past Timmreck , C , Toohey , M , Zanchettin , D , Brönnimann , S , Lundstad , E & Wilson , R 2021 , ' The unidentified eruption of 1809 : A climatic cold case ' , Climate of the Past , vol. 17 , no. 4 , pp. 1455-1482 . https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021 1814-9324 PURE: 275502104 PURE UUID: 5377d716-66af-4394-a90e-501097e8ff46 Scopus: 85110286550 WOS: 000672856600001 ORCID: /0000-0003-4486-8904/work/151190613 http://hdl.handle.net/10023/23800 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021 |
op_rights |
Copyright © Author(s) 2021. Open Access. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021 |
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Climate of the Past |
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17 |
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4 |
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1790601549189218304 |