Passive acoustic monitoring of harbour porpoise behaviour, distribution and density in tidal rapid habitats
Toothed whales produce regular echolocation clicks to sense their surroundings and hunt. These clicks can be detected on hydrophones allowing researchers to study and monitor animals, a methodology known as passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). PAM methods can be used to detect behaviours such as forag...
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ftstandrewserep:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/21499 2023-07-02T03:32:29+02:00 Passive acoustic monitoring of harbour porpoise behaviour, distribution and density in tidal rapid habitats Macaulay, Jamie Donald John Northridge, Simon P. Gordon, Jonathan Gillespie, Douglas University of St Andrews. School of Biology Scotland. Marine Mammal Scientific Support Research Programme Great Britain. Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 273 p. 2021-02-24T15:41:43Z application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21499 https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/34 en eng University of St Andrews The University of St Andrews http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21499 https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/34 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Harbour porpoise Passive acoustic monitoring Acoustic localisation Tidal rapids Tidal habitats Click train detection Beam profile Density estimation QL737.C434M2 Harbor porpoise--Monitoring Harbor porpoise--Behavior Acoustic localization Thesis Doctoral PhD Doctor of Philosophy 2021 ftstandrewserep https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/34 2023-06-13T18:26:17Z Toothed whales produce regular echolocation clicks to sense their surroundings and hunt. These clicks can be detected on hydrophones allowing researchers to study and monitor animals, a methodology known as passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). PAM methods can be used to detect behaviours such as foraging, calculate the absolute abundance and determine the 3D positions of soniferous animals. However, this requires robust detection, species classification and localisation algorithms alongside a statistical framework to estimate animal density. Detection, classification and localisation methods were developed to obtain fine scale behavioural information of toothed whales which was then integrated with a distance sampling-based framework to estimate density. These methods were applied to calculate the behaviour, 3D distribution and density of harbour porpoises in a tidal stream habitat. Toothed whales produce clicks in sequences (clicks trains) which can provide information on behavioural state and aid in species identification. A click train detection algorithm was developed to extract these sequences and performance then tested on PAM data from sperm whales, delphinids and harbour porpoise datasets. Localisation in tidal rapids is difficult due to fast moving currents and high densities of toothed whales producing a complex soundscape. A drifting free-hanging vertical hydrophone array with movement sensors, click aliasing and track association algorithms was developed to collect geo-referenced 3D tracks of toothed whales in tidal streams. The full 4π beam profile of a free-swimming captive harbour porpoise was measured. This showed that harbour porpoises have significant acoustic energy at extreme off-axis angles (>30°) which has implications for detectability on PAM devices. Drifting sound recorders and vertical hydrophones arrays were used to survey a tidal rapid site. Detected click trains, dive data and the measured beam profile were used to inform simulations of detection probability of harbour porpoise ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Harbour porpoise toothed whales University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftstandrewserep |
language |
English |
topic |
Harbour porpoise Passive acoustic monitoring Acoustic localisation Tidal rapids Tidal habitats Click train detection Beam profile Density estimation QL737.C434M2 Harbor porpoise--Monitoring Harbor porpoise--Behavior Acoustic localization |
spellingShingle |
Harbour porpoise Passive acoustic monitoring Acoustic localisation Tidal rapids Tidal habitats Click train detection Beam profile Density estimation QL737.C434M2 Harbor porpoise--Monitoring Harbor porpoise--Behavior Acoustic localization Macaulay, Jamie Donald John Passive acoustic monitoring of harbour porpoise behaviour, distribution and density in tidal rapid habitats |
topic_facet |
Harbour porpoise Passive acoustic monitoring Acoustic localisation Tidal rapids Tidal habitats Click train detection Beam profile Density estimation QL737.C434M2 Harbor porpoise--Monitoring Harbor porpoise--Behavior Acoustic localization |
description |
Toothed whales produce regular echolocation clicks to sense their surroundings and hunt. These clicks can be detected on hydrophones allowing researchers to study and monitor animals, a methodology known as passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). PAM methods can be used to detect behaviours such as foraging, calculate the absolute abundance and determine the 3D positions of soniferous animals. However, this requires robust detection, species classification and localisation algorithms alongside a statistical framework to estimate animal density. Detection, classification and localisation methods were developed to obtain fine scale behavioural information of toothed whales which was then integrated with a distance sampling-based framework to estimate density. These methods were applied to calculate the behaviour, 3D distribution and density of harbour porpoises in a tidal stream habitat. Toothed whales produce clicks in sequences (clicks trains) which can provide information on behavioural state and aid in species identification. A click train detection algorithm was developed to extract these sequences and performance then tested on PAM data from sperm whales, delphinids and harbour porpoise datasets. Localisation in tidal rapids is difficult due to fast moving currents and high densities of toothed whales producing a complex soundscape. A drifting free-hanging vertical hydrophone array with movement sensors, click aliasing and track association algorithms was developed to collect geo-referenced 3D tracks of toothed whales in tidal streams. The full 4π beam profile of a free-swimming captive harbour porpoise was measured. This showed that harbour porpoises have significant acoustic energy at extreme off-axis angles (>30°) which has implications for detectability on PAM devices. Drifting sound recorders and vertical hydrophones arrays were used to survey a tidal rapid site. Detected click trains, dive data and the measured beam profile were used to inform simulations of detection probability of harbour porpoise ... |
author2 |
Northridge, Simon P. Gordon, Jonathan Gillespie, Douglas University of St Andrews. School of Biology Scotland. Marine Mammal Scientific Support Research Programme Great Britain. Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Macaulay, Jamie Donald John |
author_facet |
Macaulay, Jamie Donald John |
author_sort |
Macaulay, Jamie Donald John |
title |
Passive acoustic monitoring of harbour porpoise behaviour, distribution and density in tidal rapid habitats |
title_short |
Passive acoustic monitoring of harbour porpoise behaviour, distribution and density in tidal rapid habitats |
title_full |
Passive acoustic monitoring of harbour porpoise behaviour, distribution and density in tidal rapid habitats |
title_fullStr |
Passive acoustic monitoring of harbour porpoise behaviour, distribution and density in tidal rapid habitats |
title_full_unstemmed |
Passive acoustic monitoring of harbour porpoise behaviour, distribution and density in tidal rapid habitats |
title_sort |
passive acoustic monitoring of harbour porpoise behaviour, distribution and density in tidal rapid habitats |
publisher |
University of St Andrews |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21499 https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/34 |
op_coverage |
273 p. |
genre |
Harbour porpoise toothed whales |
genre_facet |
Harbour porpoise toothed whales |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/21499 https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/34 |
op_rights |
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.17630/sta/34 |
_version_ |
1770272077246365696 |