The Lombard effect in singing humpback whales : source levels increase as ambient ocean noise levels increase
Funding: Office of Naval Research (Code 322, Marine Mammals and Biology), Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet (Code N465JR), and the Naval Facilities Engineering Command Living Marine Resources Program. Many animals increase the intensity of their vocalizations in increased noise. This response is known a...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10023/20640 https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001669 |
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ftstandrewserep:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/20640 2023-07-02T03:32:31+02:00 The Lombard effect in singing humpback whales : source levels increase as ambient ocean noise levels increase Guazzo, Regina A. Helble, Tyler A. Alongi, Gabriela C. Durbach, Ian N. Martin, Cameron R. Martin, Stephen W. Henderson, E. Elizabeth University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics 2020-09-17T15:30:02Z 14 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10023/20640 https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001669 eng eng Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Guazzo , R A , Helble , T A , Alongi , G C , Durbach , I N , Martin , C R , Martin , S W & Henderson , E E 2020 , ' The Lombard effect in singing humpback whales : source levels increase as ambient ocean noise levels increase ' , Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol. 148 , no. 2 , pp. 542-555 . https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001669 0001-4966 PURE: 269924508 PURE UUID: 8480254a-fe48-4368-8b41-c2e7e1d0c8a2 Scopus: 85089726238 ORCID: /0000-0003-0769-2153/work/79918510 WOS: 000560024200001 http://hdl.handle.net/10023/20640 https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001669 Copyright © 2020 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). GC Oceanography QA Mathematics QH301 Biology Acoustics and Ultrasonics NDAS GC QA QH301 Journal article 2020 ftstandrewserep https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001669 2023-06-13T18:31:16Z Funding: Office of Naval Research (Code 322, Marine Mammals and Biology), Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet (Code N465JR), and the Naval Facilities Engineering Command Living Marine Resources Program. Many animals increase the intensity of their vocalizations in increased noise. This response is known as the Lombard effect. While some previous studies about cetaceans report a 1 dB increase in the source level (SL) for every dB increase in the background noise level (NL), more recent data have not supported this compensation ability. The purpose of this study was to calculate the SLs of humpback whale song units recorded off Hawaii and test for a relationship between these SLs and background NLs. Opportunistic recordings during 2012-2017 were used to detect and track 524 humpback whale encounters comprised of 83 974 units on the U.S. Navy's Pacific Missile Range Facility hydrophones. Received levels were added to their estimated transmission losses to calculate SLs. Humpback whale song units had a median SL of 173 dB re 1 μ Pa at 1 m, and SLs increased by 0.53 dB/1 dB increase in background NLs. These changes occurred in real time on hourly and daily time scales. Increases in ambient noise could reduce male humpback whale communication space in the important breeding area off Hawaii. Since these vocalization changes may be dependent on location or behavioral state, more work is needed at other locations and with other species. Publisher PDF Peer reviewed Article in Journal/Newspaper Humpback Whale University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository Lombard ENVELOPE(-59.686,-59.686,-64.520,-64.520) Pacific The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 148 2 542 555 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftstandrewserep |
language |
English |
topic |
GC Oceanography QA Mathematics QH301 Biology Acoustics and Ultrasonics NDAS GC QA QH301 |
spellingShingle |
GC Oceanography QA Mathematics QH301 Biology Acoustics and Ultrasonics NDAS GC QA QH301 Guazzo, Regina A. Helble, Tyler A. Alongi, Gabriela C. Durbach, Ian N. Martin, Cameron R. Martin, Stephen W. Henderson, E. Elizabeth The Lombard effect in singing humpback whales : source levels increase as ambient ocean noise levels increase |
topic_facet |
GC Oceanography QA Mathematics QH301 Biology Acoustics and Ultrasonics NDAS GC QA QH301 |
description |
Funding: Office of Naval Research (Code 322, Marine Mammals and Biology), Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet (Code N465JR), and the Naval Facilities Engineering Command Living Marine Resources Program. Many animals increase the intensity of their vocalizations in increased noise. This response is known as the Lombard effect. While some previous studies about cetaceans report a 1 dB increase in the source level (SL) for every dB increase in the background noise level (NL), more recent data have not supported this compensation ability. The purpose of this study was to calculate the SLs of humpback whale song units recorded off Hawaii and test for a relationship between these SLs and background NLs. Opportunistic recordings during 2012-2017 were used to detect and track 524 humpback whale encounters comprised of 83 974 units on the U.S. Navy's Pacific Missile Range Facility hydrophones. Received levels were added to their estimated transmission losses to calculate SLs. Humpback whale song units had a median SL of 173 dB re 1 μ Pa at 1 m, and SLs increased by 0.53 dB/1 dB increase in background NLs. These changes occurred in real time on hourly and daily time scales. Increases in ambient noise could reduce male humpback whale communication space in the important breeding area off Hawaii. Since these vocalization changes may be dependent on location or behavioral state, more work is needed at other locations and with other species. Publisher PDF Peer reviewed |
author2 |
University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Guazzo, Regina A. Helble, Tyler A. Alongi, Gabriela C. Durbach, Ian N. Martin, Cameron R. Martin, Stephen W. Henderson, E. Elizabeth |
author_facet |
Guazzo, Regina A. Helble, Tyler A. Alongi, Gabriela C. Durbach, Ian N. Martin, Cameron R. Martin, Stephen W. Henderson, E. Elizabeth |
author_sort |
Guazzo, Regina A. |
title |
The Lombard effect in singing humpback whales : source levels increase as ambient ocean noise levels increase |
title_short |
The Lombard effect in singing humpback whales : source levels increase as ambient ocean noise levels increase |
title_full |
The Lombard effect in singing humpback whales : source levels increase as ambient ocean noise levels increase |
title_fullStr |
The Lombard effect in singing humpback whales : source levels increase as ambient ocean noise levels increase |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Lombard effect in singing humpback whales : source levels increase as ambient ocean noise levels increase |
title_sort |
lombard effect in singing humpback whales : source levels increase as ambient ocean noise levels increase |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/20640 https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001669 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-59.686,-59.686,-64.520,-64.520) |
geographic |
Lombard Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Lombard Pacific |
genre |
Humpback Whale |
genre_facet |
Humpback Whale |
op_relation |
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Guazzo , R A , Helble , T A , Alongi , G C , Durbach , I N , Martin , C R , Martin , S W & Henderson , E E 2020 , ' The Lombard effect in singing humpback whales : source levels increase as ambient ocean noise levels increase ' , Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol. 148 , no. 2 , pp. 542-555 . https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001669 0001-4966 PURE: 269924508 PURE UUID: 8480254a-fe48-4368-8b41-c2e7e1d0c8a2 Scopus: 85089726238 ORCID: /0000-0003-0769-2153/work/79918510 WOS: 000560024200001 http://hdl.handle.net/10023/20640 https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001669 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2020 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001669 |
container_title |
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |
container_volume |
148 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
542 |
op_container_end_page |
555 |
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1770272119416946688 |